Vietnam

VIETNAM MODULE

Add for next time

Sound Smart: Vietnam War Protests https://youtu.be/G3slnPIh_oU

How Vietnam Killed the Great Society https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/22/opinion/vietnam-war-great-society.html

Avoiding the Vietnam draft by getting married — until LBJ eliminated that exemption https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/09/23/a-rush-to-the-altar-to-avoid- the-vietnam-draft-the-day-lbj-eliminated-the-marriage-exemption/?utm_term=.1ae853e6221c

Vietnam 1967: How Not to ‘Win Hearts and Minds https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/19/opinion/vietnam-war-americans-culture.html?_r=0

Man of the Month: Ho Chi Minh (Twentieth Century by Walter Cronkite) http://youtu.be/52clOyqGx00

Why Vietnam Was Unwinnable https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/22/opinion/vietnam-was-unwinnable.html?_r=0

North Vietnam had an antiwar movement, too https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/25/opinion/north-vietnam-had-an-antiwar-movement-too.html?_r=0

Summer of love, summer of war https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/15/opinion/vietnam-san-francisco-1967-summer.html

Iran Dominates in Iraq After U.S. ‘Handed the Country Over https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/15/world/middleeast/iran-iraq-iranian-power.html

‘I Ain’t Got No Quarrel With Them Vietcong’ https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/27/opinion/muhammad-ali-vietnam-war.html?_r=0

I Picked Prison Over Fighting in Vietnam https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/23/opinion/vietnam-war-draft-protests.html

A Lost Chance for Peace in Vietnam https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/16/opinion/a-lost-chance-for-peace-in-vietnam.html?_r=0

The Women Who Fought for Hanoi https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/06/opinion/vietnam-war-women-soldiers.html?_r=0

A Conscientious Objector in a War Zone https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/02/opinion/a-conscientious-objector-in-a-war-zone.html

Lyndon Johnson’s Living Room War https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/30/opinion/lyndon-johnson-vietnam-war.html?_r=0

CIA secret airline: Air America http://youtu.be/5qzCJrfTgms

Was Vietnam winnable? https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/19/opinion/was-vietnam-winnable.html?mabReward=CTM5&recp=5&_r=0

Johnson, Westmoreland and the ‘Selling’ of Vietnam https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/09/opinion/johnson-westmoreland-and-the-selling-of-vietnam.html

The birth of Vietnamization https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/28/opinion/the-birth-of-vietnamization.html?_r=0

Vietnam era songs:

SSgt Barry Sadler - The Ballad Of The Green Berets http://youtu.be/iWjkeXKPQOI

Ballad of the Green Berets http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JbQ9zbLiUno&feature=youtube_gdata_player

10 songs that embody the Vietnam era https://pjmedia.com/lifestyle/2014/11/26/10-songs-that-embody-the-vietnam-war-era/?singlepage=true

The Seekers - 1966 - 'Yesterday http://youtu.be/u2d7RSu0Xo0

The Seekers - The Last Thing On My Mind http://youtu.be/DtyHvjTJK1E

John Denver - Take Me Home, Country Roads http://youtu.be/1vrEljMfXYo

John Denver - Sunshine On My Shoulders http://youtu.be/diwuu_r6GJE

John Denver - Leaving On A Jet Plane http://youtu.be/SneCkM0bJq0

John Denver - Rocky Mountain High http://youtu.be/eOB4VdlkzO4

The Mamas & The Papas - Monday Monday http://youtu.be/h81Ojd3d2rY

WONDERFUL WEDNESDAY, 5 APRIL

Secret Weapon in the Strive For 5 - APUSH T-Shirt http://youtu.be/aD1m_pZhHjg

Cold War Vietnam (46:25) Stop and comment at various points If it's dead and Vietnamese, it's VC VC Victor Charlie from radio phonetic alphabet Search and destroy missions Trying to save Vietnam, we destroyed much of it in the process Ho Chi Minh trail (29:47)


 * Vietnam Photos:**

The Powerful Vietnam War Photos That Made History | Here & Now http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2017/03/31/vietnam-war-photos-associated-press

Vietnam War photos (Boston Globe) http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2010/05/vietnam_35_years_later.html

Girl from AP's Vietnam napalm photo finds peace with her role in history | Guardian.co.uk []

Treatment for girl in Vietnam napalm attack phot0 http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34633036

Where to put these??

Learning to come home from war: no one said "thank you" to Vietnam vets http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2013/apr/13/vietnam-veterans-not-thanked-for-military-service

A Retrospective on Counterinsurgency Operations (Central Intelligence Agency) The Tay Ninh Provincial Reconnaissance Unit and Its Role in the Phoenix Program, 1969-70 []

Map: South Vietnam provinces, 1967 http://www.rivervet.com/mapprovinces.htm

Vietnam war reporter Malcolm Browne dies (BBC) http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-19401031

Vietnam War AP Archive http://www.aparchive.com/compilationscategory/19623/Vietnam%20War


 * Vietnam: a television history**

Vietnam: A Television History Episode 10. Homefront USA []

Battlefield Vietnam - Documentary 12 parts Send to Logan http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL0679IGx8w0jpry6P-xHoqfoWrgbxUn03

Why CIA analysts were so doubtful about Vietnam https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/97unclass/vietnam.html

“It Was Vital Not to Lose Vietnam by Force to Communism”: Leslie Gelb Analyzes the Roots of U.S. Involvement in Vietnam http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6899

INR'S 1969 Vietnam Study in Context: A Retrospective Preface Thirty-five Years Later [|http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB121/hughes.htm]

A Retrospective on Counterinsurgency Operations — Central Intelligence Agency https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol51no2/a-retrospective-on-counterinsurgency-operations.html

Edwin A. Shuman III, Former Prisoner of War Who Defied Hanoi Hilton Guards, Dies at 82 http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/25/us/edwin-a-shuman-iii-former-prisoner-of-war-who-defied-hanoi-hilton-guards-dies-at-82.html?hpw&rref=obituaries

Stanley Karnow obituaries 1. New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/28/arts/television/stanley-karnow-historian-and-journalist-dies-at-87.html?ref=obituaries&pagewanted=all

2. Washington Post http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/stanley-karnow-journalist-and-vietnam-historian-dies/2013/01/27/53cefb74-1c50-11e1-967a-d7f5eed205d7_story.html

Vietnam: A Television History Episode 1: Roots of a War (1945-1953) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TqKi-SyRA7I Transcript http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/vietnam/series/pt_01.html

Vietnam: A Television History Episode 2: America's Mandarin (1954-1963) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yd7tnJAEGE Transcript http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/vietnam/series/pt_02.html

Vietnam: A Television History Episode 3: LBJ Goes to War (1964-1965) [] Transcript []

Vietnam: A Television History Episode 4: America Takes Charge (1965-1967) [] Transcript []

Vietnam: A Television History Episode 5. America's Enemy (1954-1967) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7hPXw1YnUQQ Transcript http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/vietnam/series/pt_05.html

Episode 6: Tet

Vietnam: A Television History Episode 7. Vietnamizing the War (1969-1973) [] Transcript []

Lon Nol ousts Prince Sihanouk — History.com This Day in History — 3/18/1970 http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/lon-nol-ousts-prince-sihanouk

Vietnam: A Television History Episode 8. Cambodia and Laos [] Read the transcript []

Vietnam: A Television History Episode 9. Peace Is at Hand (1968-1973) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cXIjMkE7Ikk Read the transcript http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/vietnam/series/pt_09.html

Vietnam: A Television History Episode 10. Homefront USA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMN6M5CZo8o Read the transcript http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/vietnam/series/pt_10.html

Vietnam: A Television History Episode 11. The End of the Tunnel (1973-1975) [] Read the transcript []


 * New York Times 1967 series**

Lyndon Johnson's Vietnam https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/24/opinion/lyndon-johnsons-vietnam.html

Vietnam: The War That Killed Trust First in a series http://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/07/opinion/sunday/vietnam-the-war-that-killed-trust.html?_r=0

As the Earth Shook, They Stood Firm -Vietnam article https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/17/opinion/as-the-earth-shook-they-stood-firm.html?_r=0

What I saw in Vietnam https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/opinion/what-i-saw-in-vietnam.html?_r=0

Pacification, through the barrel of a gun https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/10/opinion/pacification-through-the-barrel-of-a-gun.html?_r=0

Combat Nurses and Donut Dollies https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/31/opinion/combat-nurses-and-donut-dollies.html

The Smothers Brothers in 1967: Laughing at Hard Truths https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/03/opinion/the-smothers-brothers-laughing-at-hard-truths.html

The 30-years war in Vietnam https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/07/opinion/the-30-years-war-in-vietnam.html?_r=0

The road to Tet https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/27/opinion/the-road-to-tet.html

Who Called the Shots in Hanoi? https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/14/opinion/who-called-the-shots-in-hanoi.html

At Quang Nam, a Raid and a Reckoning https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/24/opinion/at-quang-nam-a-raid-and-a-reckoning.html

The Grunt's War https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/17/opinion/the-grunts-war.html?_r=0

How Playboy Explains Vietnam https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/28/opinion/how-playboy-explains-vietnam.html?_r=0

America’s Case of ‘Tonkin Gulfitis’ https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/07/opinion/americas-case-of-tonkin-gulfitis.html?_r=0

Bernard Fall: The Man who knew the war https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/21/opinion/bernard-fall-the-man-who-knew-the-war.html?_r=0

Moving On in Vietnam, but Remembering Its Lessons http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/24/opinion/moving-on-in-vietnam-but-remembering-its-lessons.html

For America, life was cheap in Vietnam http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/10/opinion/for-america-life-was-cheap-in-vietnam.html?ref=global-home&_r=0

Bringing God along for the ride in Vietnam http://latitude.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/08/08/bringing-god-along-for-the-ride/?ref=global-home

Vietnam: Where saying 'I love you' is impossible http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-23501757

Pete Peterson: The ex-POW teaching Vietnam to swim (BBC News) []


 * Maps** for us to refer back to during our study of this module:

Static map: http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/1483/1518969/DIVI650.jpg

Map: South Vietnam provinces, 1967 http://www.rivervet.com/mapprovinces.htm


 * My Own Path to Vietnam**

How and why did I end up in Vietnam?

1. Army ROTC at Georgetown, commissioned as an Infantry Second Lieutenant.

2. Wrote term papers on insurgencies, prepared myself as much as possible for Vietnam.

3. One part of me thought I had to go to graduate school as my classmates were doing.

4. Army permitted deferments to pursue my Ph.D.

5. Began a Ph.D. program in Political Science at Pitt. Difficult to be in school when war on.

6. Finished M.A. but asked Army to call me in for my two years.

7. Stateside assignments:

Infantry Officer Basic Course at Fort Benning, Georgia Troop duty in the Infantry Advanced Individual Training Brigade at Fort Jackson, South Carolina Vietnamese language study at Fort Bliss, Texas Advisor school at Fort Gordon, Georgia

8. Tour of duty in Vietnam as an advisor to the South Vietnamese army.

9. Returned from Vietnam to begin MBA program at Stanford Business School.


 * VIETNAM**

Vietnam became one of the many sites where the Cold War and the Third World intersected.


 * Context for U.S. decision-making**

Containment policy

American leaders thought of Vietnam as an Asian Berlin, a place to draw the line against communism and to implement the containment doctrine.

China 1949

McCarthy in US (1950-1954)

Korean War (1950-1953)


 * French Indochina**

Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos) colonized in 1880s. Vietnamese resisted French colonial regime as much as possible Vietnamese tradition of historical resistance to invaders: China.


 * Ho Chi Minh:**

Ho Chi Minh obituary (New York Times) http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0519.html

Leader of Vietnamese Communist Party Major leader of Vietnamese resistance to the Japanese Vietminh declared independence from France in 1945. Ho quoted from U.S. Declaration of Independence.

Ho Chi Minh and the OSS http://www.historynet.com/ho-chi-minh-and-the-oss.htm

Leader of Vietnamese Communist Party Major leader of Vietnamese resistance to the Japanese

Vietminh declared independence from France in 1945. Ho quoted from U.S. Declaration of Independence.

Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Vietnam http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5139/


 * General Giap**: main enemy general who opposed both the French and the US

Gen. Vo Nguyen Giap, Who Ousted U.S. From Vietnam, Is Dead http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/05/world/asia/gen-vo-nguyen-giap-dies.html?ref=global-home&pagewanted=all

Henry A. Prunier, U.S. Soldier Who Trained Vietnamese Troops, Dies at 91 http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/18/world/asia/henry-a-prunier-army-operative-who-helped-trained-vietnamese-troops-dies-at-91.html?hpw&_r=0

General Vo Nguyen Giap as Military Man and Poet (Cecil B. Currey) http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Texts/Scholarly/Currey_Giap.html

Picture of General Giap


 * Vietminh war against the French**

U.S. had a choice: a) Support Ho Chi Minh's bid for independence b) Support French return to Indochina

We supported the French return. Context: containment of communism We paid 80% of the costs of French war against Vietminh

Edwin Moise: Emergence of the Viet Minh [Note: In first paragraph a clue to what happened to Free French in Vietnam] http://www.clemson.edu/caah/history/FacultyPages/EdMoise/viet2.html

Edwin Moise: The First Indochina War http://www.clemson.edu/caah/history/FacultyPages/EdMoise/viet3.html

Volume 1, Chapter 1 of the Pentagon Papers, "Background to the Crisis, 1940-50," pp. 1-52. https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent1.html


 * Dienbienphu (May 1954)**

French defeat []

French fall to Viet Minh at Dien Bien Phu (History.com This Day in History | 5/7/1954) []

French Foreign Legion Parachute unit http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8YSsetJU-tU&feature=youtube_gdata_player

Battle of Dien Bien Phu (Bernard Fall) http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-dien-bien-phu.htm

Battle Scenes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TJ1KJJuJ3M&feature=youtube_gdata_player

New Perspectives on Dien Bien Phu http://www.hawaii.edu/cseas/pubs/explore/v1n2-art2.html


 * French withdrawal from Indochina**

http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/geneva-conference-begins
 * Geneva peace conference** (July 1954)

Vietnam was divided at the 17th parallel. Ho's forces gained control of North Vietnam. Election to unify the country was scheduled for 1956. America, figuring Ho Chi Minh would win, did not permit the election.


 * U.S. replaced France in Vietnam**


 * AMERICA IN VIETNAM**


 * Overview**:

Ground combat took place within South Vietnam

U.S. never invaded North Vietnam

U.S. pursued an air war against North Vietnam


 * Enemy side**:

North Vietnam and those living in South Vietnam (called Viet Cong) who will fight against the United States

The Vietnamese women who fought for their country http://www.bbc.com/news/in-pictures-37986986

What We Don’t Know About Vietnam Can Still Hurt Us (New York Times) http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/12/opinion/sunday/what-we-dont-know-about-vietnam-can-still-hurt-us.html?ref=opinion&pagewanted=all


 * Our side**:

United States and those South Vietnamese friendly to U.S.


 * Our man in Vietnam: Ngo Dinh Diem**

Our initial handpicked leader in South Vietnam No real alternative leader in South Vietnam to Ho Chi Minh in the North U.S. backed Ngo Dinh Diem

Walter Kronkite interview with President Kennedy http://youtu.be/UM3uaXp8DAk

Additional date on the following wiki page: http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/HIST+484+Reactions

He consolidated power over internal rivals (we wish the leaders of Iraq and Afghanistan could do the same): Diem was a Catholic (in a mostly Buddhist country) Bachelor (role of his family, especially brother and his sister-in-law)

His brother: Ngo Dinh Nhu His sister-in-law: Madame Ngo Dinh Nhu Madame Nhu and her daughter visit the US http://oldlifemagazines.com/the-1960s-1/1963/october-11-1963-life-magazine.html

Opposition to Diem in Vietnam http://youtu.be/WIt7Heu2a6A

Diem's oppressive policies and persecution of Buddhists made him unpopular Vietnamese monk burning himself to death []

Edwin Moise: The Fall of Ngo Dinh Diem http://www.clemson.edu/caah/history/FacultyPages/EdMoise/viet6.html

JFK and the Diem Coup [Read the introductory sections--those prior to the Documents] http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB101/index.htm

Volume 2, Chapter 4, of the Pentagon Papers, "The Overthrow of Ngo Dinh Diem, May-November, 1963," pp. 201-276. https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon2/pent6.htm
 * [use the summary section only]**

CIA backed an overthrow of Diem (who was murdered)

The Ugly American Telegram http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/24/opinion/the-ugly-american-telegram.html?ref=global-home

Arrest and assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem JFK himself was assassinated three weeks later.


 * Kennedy's escalation of the U.S. war effort**

North Vietnam and Viet Cong increased attempts to win in South South Vietnam on the verge of losing JFK had sent 16,000 American advisors. Big historical question: what would Kennedy have done had he lived?

After Diem, revolving-door governments in South Vietnam Comparisons to Iraq and Afghanistan

Why did we let Diem be overthrown? Was there any better alternative? Was the country itself able to operate as a country? Could and would the South Vietnamese leaders actually lead their own people? At what point could the U.S. have gotten out of Vietnam?


 * President Lyndon Johnson and the Americanization of the War**


 * Tonkin Gulf Incident and Resolution**

Response to North Vietnamese attack on American destroyer. U.S. not entirely clean in this incident.

Tonkin Gulf Congressional Resolution Gave LBJ authority to use unlimited military force in North Vietnam. Johnson interpreted it as equivalent to declaration of war.

Lyndon B. Johnson Miller Center (University of Virginia) http://millercenter.org/president/lbjohnson

Gulf of Tonkin http://youtu.be/vWAmAOctuxI

Gulf of Tonkin incident http://youtu.be/vWAmAOctuxI

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (7 August 1964) (New York Times) Look at what else is on front page: Goldwater for President, LBJ Anti-Poverty Bill http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0807.html#article

Finding Dulcinea: On This Day: False Claims of Attack Lead Congress to Authorize Vietnam War http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/July-August-08/On-this-Day--False-Claims-of-Attack-Lead-Congress-to-Authorize-Vietnam-War.html


 * George Ball's dissent against continued U.S. involvement in Vietnam**

He wanted us to bail out of Vietnam early on; in retrospect, he was probably right.

Ball recommends compromise in Vietnam (History.com This Day in History | 7/1/1965) []


 * Operation Rolling Thunder: U.S. air campaign over North Vietnam**

More U.S. bombs on Vietnam than U.S. dropped in all of WWII North Vietnamese did not give up. Hid in shelters; rebuilt roads and bridges Their perseverance frustrated and awed American decision makers. U.S. prisoners of war: John McCain among them

Battlefield Vietnam - Part 10: Rolling Thunder http://youtu.be/OO41C0larvs Various stops and starts in the air war

Hanoi Hilton Tap Code []


 * Escalation**

Johnson's decision for major increase of U.S. effort in Vietnam

President Lyndon B. Johnson obituary (New York Times) http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0827.html

Commanding General of U.S. Forces: William Westmoreland Google Images: http://bit.ly/HeVHYZ

Danang March 1965 http://youtu.be/28bSoczRbxo

Dominican Republic April 1965

8 March 1965 US sends ground troops to Vietnam LBJ decision to increase US forces in Vetnam http://youtu.be/28bSoczRbxo

Johnson sent 50,000 more U.S. ground troops in July 1965. Successive escalations of U.S. troop levels. Maximum level of 536,000 in 1968.

Graph of US troops in Vietnam Google search

We told the South Vietnamese: watch how well we could complete the job. They watched. We did not complete the job.

Ia Drang valley "We were Soldiers" movie clip: "Broken Arrow" http://youtu.be/ctnK7wdJmAo


 * WAR IN FOCUS:**

Viewpoint: Counter-insurgency lessons from Vietnam (BBC News) http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-19634728

http://www.vietnamgear.com/gallery.aspx
 * Vietnam Gear website:**

Work through ALL of these categories:

Soldiers & Marines Special Forces SOG Navy SEALs Australians Korean Forces Mobile Riverine Force River Patrol Force Coastal Surveillance Force Aircraft Vehicles Dogs Places Visitors

On Patrol http://www.history.com/shows/vietnam-in-hd/videos/on-patrol#on-patrol

The Use of Punji Traps http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jo7XBaG_-SE&feature=youtube_gdata_player

Ho Chi Minh trail: Google Images http://bit.ly/GXZlFl

Ho Chi Minh Trail http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_trail

Ho Chi Minh Trail maps http://www.austincc.edu/caddis/ImagesText%20copy/Vietnam/HoChiMinhTrailMap.jpg http://media.maps.com/magellan/Images/USAH023-H.gif

1. Weapons of War: U.S. and enemy

2. The Language of War

3. Viet Cong Fighters

Inside the Viet Cong - Tactics, Weapons, Tunnels, Uniform http://youtu.be/jfPx1jfoWjs

The Vietnam War (Pictures From The Other Side) http://youtu.be/kpbHDFHHppk

Viet Cong tunnel system http://youtu.be/RTHB0Oj7yYc

4. Punji Sticks Google Images: http://bit.ly/HfUilV


 * Enemy Tunnels**

Tunnels (BBC) http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/720577.stm

Tunnels http://away.com/vacations/travel-gd-vietnams-cu-chi-tunnels-photo-gallery-sidwcmdev_118953.html

The Helicopter Road to Vietnam (Peter Brush) http://www.library.vanderbilt.edu/central/Brush/Helicopters-Vietnam.htm
 * Helicopter warfare**

Battle Stations: Huey Helicopter http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MSvN2os2djM&feature=youtube_gdata_player


 * Attrition strategy**

American aim was to kill more enemy than could be sent from the North.

Search and destroy tactics Body count: the indication of success. Attrition did not succeed

Sanctuary: Enemy could use Laos and Cambodia as a sanctuary Hard to defeat an enemy that has this kind of advantage. Compare to Taliban using Pakistan as a sanctuary.

Ho Chi Minh trail: Google Images http://bit.ly/GXZlFl


 * U.S. military in Vietnam**

Many different wars depending on branch of service and location within South Vietnam Vietnam tour of duty: 12 months for Army Could be stationed in a U.S. unit or on an advisory team

Enlisted Men in Vietnam

Women in Vietnam:

The women who served in Vietnam http://www.bbc.com/news/in-pictures-36574698


 * Morale Problems**: largely due to the draft

1. Fragging http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/fragging-on-the-rise-in-us-units

2. Drug use

3. Atrocities: My Lai—not really a typical incident

My Lai Trial Begins - 1970 | Today in History | 17 Nov https://youtu.be/Jn4YKzVsaFU

Larry Colburn, who helped stop My Lai massacre, dies at age 69 http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/16/world/asia/larry-colburn-my-lai-massacre-dies.html?_r=0

4. Post–traumatic stress. Other wars: shell shock, battle fatigue.


 * "Hippies: "Counterculture" in the 1960s**

Patty Hearst Trial (Famous Trials) http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hearst/hearsthome.html My Website Spotlight blog post http://thelearningprofessor.blogspot.com/2011/12/website-spotlight-patty-hearst-trial.html


 * Digression: A few comments on my own tour of duty in Vietnam**:

1. One term paper I chose as an undergraduate at Georgetown.

Strategic Hamlet Program (Wikipedia)

Pham Ngoc Thao

2. Rach Kien in Long An Province [|http://books.google.com/books?id=a1YEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA25&dq=rach+kien&as_pt=MAGAZINES&ei=YaCKS5PRG4y0kASRvoSqDQ&cd=1#v=onepage&q=rach%20kien&f=false]

3. Song Be in Phuoc Long Province Enemy massacre of Montagnards at Dak Son []

Montagnard History and Culture http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBQ1RxCphsQ&feature=youtube_gdata_player

Massacre at Dak Son http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qTbVRdkoRE&feature=youtube_gdata_player&oref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D5qTbVRdkoRE%26feature%3Dyoutube_gdata_player&has_verified=1

Massacre at Dak Son http://youtu.be/5qTbVRdkoRE

4. Hamlet Evaluation Survey How U.S. kept track of progress in "pacifying" the countryside. Examples of my own experience in Phuoc Long province.

Ever Wonder Why Vietnamese Women's Teeth are Black? http://youtu.be/jI76UubV_JU


 * TET OFFENSIVE** (January 1968)

Episode 6. Tet 1968 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3oMu3MHsmxM Transcript http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/vietnam/series/pt_06.html

Tet offensive: lessons learned https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ssdK5hHe7s&feature=youtu.be

Walter Cronkite remembers the Tet offensive https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zDNJL0mTHWI&feature=youtu.be

Declassified: The Tet Offensive http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ri2rpSH38p0&feature=youtube_gdata_player

Tet Offensive by the enemy Tet is the Chinese Lunar New Year holiday

This event was really important in retrospect Enemy coordinated attacks all over South Vietnam U.S. was victorious militarily

Viet Cong Invade American Embassy http://adst.org/2013/07/viet-cong-invade-american-embassy-the-1968-tet-offensive/

In U.S., public relations fallout bad Americans became convinced that war was not winnable.

Battle of Khe Sanh http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Khe_Sanh Battlefield Vietnam http://www.pbs.org/battlefieldvietnam/khe/container.html a. Stories of 4 participants b. The Siege c. Close-up (interactive maps)

Raymond Torres story http://www.history.com/shows/vietnam-in-hd/videos/a-soldiers-story-khe-sanh#a-soldiers-story-khe-sanh


 * Personal Note**: How the Tet offensive indirectly helped me get into Stanford Business School.


 * Pueblo incident (December 1968)**

The U.S.S. Pueblo Incident (December 1968) http://adst.org/2013/01/the-uss-pueblo-incident-assassins-in-seoul-a-spy-ship-captured/ Washington Post article about Pueblo http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/north-korea-unveiling-its-greatest-cold-war-prize-captured-us-navy-spy-ship-uss-pueblo/2013/07/25/0205232a-f590-11e2-81fa-8e83b3864c36_story.html


 * Divisions at Home in U.S.**


 * Pro-war**—by hard hats; silent majority


 * Anti-war protests**:

Vietnam War Protests 1969 (New York Times) http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1115.html#article

Summer of Love (San Francisco, 1967) https://youtu.be/DOIZG1F3DhY

Counterculture and the New Left both opposed the Vietnam War Used teach–ins, antiwar marches, and demonstrations. Some burned draft cards Others fled the draft by moving to Canada. "Hey, hey, LBJ, how many kids did you kill today?"

How the draft worked (1 December 1969) http://youtu.be/XhLbysRh8XY http://ask.metafilter.com/214522/How-likely-were-you-to-be-drafted-during-the-Vietnam-war

John F. Kerry testified against the war http://youtu.be/yixdveuf0GQ

June 20, 1967 | Muhammad Ali Convicted (New York Times) http://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/06/20/june-20-1967-muhammad-ali-convicted/

Woodstock begins in upstate New York (History.com This Day in History | 8/15/1969) http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/woodstock-begins-in-upstate-new-york

Reporting Vietnam: The press and the anti-war movement http://youtu.be/AA0lBz6R0Z4

1967 Vietnam War protests in New York City and San Francisco http://youtu.be/yMNX6zyAmGs

Country Joe's Anti-Vietnam War Song at Woodstock http://youtu.be/-7Y0ekr-3So

Cold War - Make Love Not War The Sixties [E13/24] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFSfq6AMhWM&feature=youtu.be


 * Kent State University**

U.S. raid into Cambodia (1970) triggered campus protests at Kent State and Jackson State.

Kent State University: 4 students killed; National Guard unit fired into a crowd of student protesters.

Google images of Kent State massacre http://bit.ly/GVG5r7

On this day: Four killed in Kent State shooting http://youtu.be/Lmd6CHah7Wg

Kent State http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Kent_State_Shootings

The Picture from Kent State by Dirck Halstead - The Digital Journalist []

Finding Dulcinea: On This Day: Kent State Students Shot by Ohio National Guard http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/May-June-08/On-this-Day--Kent-State-Students-Shot-by-Ohio-National-Guard.html

May 4, 1970 | National Guard Opens Fire at Kent State (New York Times) []

Kent State (New York Times) http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0504.html#article


 * Pentagon Papers (1971)**

Supreme Court allows publication of Pentagon Papers http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/30/insider/1971-supreme-court-allows-publication-of-pentagon-papers.html?_r=0

New York Times Publishes Pentagon Papers - 1971 | Today in History | 13 June https://youtu.be/WOVlsbY0nLs

About the Pentagon Papers http://www.clemson.edu/caah/history/facultypages/EdMoise/pentagon.html

Pentagon Papers: On This Day, 11 May 1973: Pentagon Papers Case Dismissed by Judge http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/May-June-08/On-this-Day--Pentagon-Papers-Case-Dismissed-by-Judge.html

Pentagon Papers: Glossary of Terms [for future reference] https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/glossary.htm


 * Richard Nixon: Vietnamization of the war**

His anti-Communist credentials As a Republican, he had not “lost” China He began the withdrawal of U.S. troops South Vietnamese should carry the load. Similar to our attempts both in Iraq and Afghanistan: "if they stand up, we will stand down"


 * Fall of South Vietnam** (April 1975)

Google Images: Helicopters Leaving Saigon http://bit.ly/H9huRr

Saigon Falls to Vietcong Ending Vietnam War (On This Day, Finding Dulcinea) http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/April/Saigon-Falls-to-Vietcong--Ending-Vietnam-War.html

The Fall of Saigon (New York Times) http://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/30/on-this-day-in-history-the-fall-of-saigon/?partner=rss&emc=rss

Communists Take Over Saigon (New York Times) http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0430.html#article

April 30, 1975 | Saigon Falls (New York Times) []


 * Legacy of the Vietnam war**

58,000 U.S. dead

LIFE magazine issue devoted to pictures of US casualties Reporting Vietnam: 1 week's dead http://youtu.be/3WK9VtHNb3Q

Financial cost to U.S.: $200 billion

America's longest war.

America's most unpopular war.

Involvement of six U.S. presidents: Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, and Ford.

Pete Peterson: Assignment Hanoi, US Ambassador to Vietnam & former POW http://www.pbs.org/hanoi/