Civil+Rights--condensed


 * CIVIL RIGHTS**

The following extensive chronology will help us tie together the events of the civil rights movement:

Follow with me by using Google Images on your laptop for each person and event.

Pay close attention to the videos. I am trying really hard to bring material that will support your preferred visual learning styles.


 * Jim Crow laws (Segregation)**

Video: What were the Jim Crow laws? Video http://youtu.be/x2Iwa9LeuFM

Rise and Fall of Jim Crow (PBS) Note the terrific chrobology http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/

Green Book: The forgotten way African Americans stayed safe in a racist America https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/01/08/the-forgotten-way-african-americans-stayed-safe-in-a-racist-america/


 * Plessy versus Ferguson** (1896) (Supreme Court decision)

Video: Sound Smart Plessy versus Ferguson https://youtu.be/Sj54KP16Ilw

Plessy v. Ferguson (Drake's "One Dance" Parody) Mr. Betts http://youtu.be/NwNrnYJE36k

Plessy versus Ferguson (Today in History, Library of Congress) http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/may18.html

Separate but equal is ok.


 * Black leaders: Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois**

Their legacies represent differing approaches within the civil rights movement.

Video: Why Booker T. Washington and W.E.B.DuBois matter (Mr. Betts class) (3:25) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MLkyCAcizdk&feature=youtu.be


 * 1. Booker T. Washington (1856-1915)**

Son of a slave woman and a white man.

Atlanta Compromise (1895): Known for major speech Blacks should not yet push for political or social equality Blacks should work hard and show themselves worthy Blacks should accommodate (temporarily) to white society


 * 2. W.E.B. DuBois (1868-1963)**

First African American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard. He disagreed with Booker T. Washington DuBois wanted blacks to be more aggressive and militant Wanted to educate the top 10% of blacks ("talented tenth") Demonstrate blacks could compete effectively with whites. Helped form the NAACP in 1909.

Video: WEB DuBois mini bio https://youtu.be/TGOEED_MexI


 * 1948**

Post World War II. Returning black veterans unwilling to accept second–class status back home.


 * Racial desegregation of the armed forces** (1948) by executive order of President Truman.

July 26, 1948 - President Harry S. Truman orders the integration of U.S. armed forces. http://youtu.be/-fBv-1lgM9Y


 * 1954**


 * Brown v. Board of Education (Supreme Court decision)**

Overturned the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896).

"Separate facilities are inherently unequal" and therefore unconstitutional.

Argued by Thurgood Marshall on behalf of the NAACP.

Brown v. Board of Education (PBS' The Supreme Court) http://youtu.be/TTGHLdr-iak

Mr. Betts Brown vs. Board of Education https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2sJeMtyY9co&feature=youtu.be

Supreme Court Ends School Segregation http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/May-June-08/On-this-Day--Supreme-Court-Ends-School-Segregation.html


 * Kenneth Clark's "doll" test**

How an experiment with dolls helped lead to school integration http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/07/upshot/how-an-experiment-with-dolls-helped-lead-to-school-integration.html?hpw&rref

Video: Kenneth Clark doll test (3:46) Simple Justice: The Social Science Evidence of Racism http://youtu.be/85-EC_nDlpY

Video: A Girl Like Me [modern adaptation of that doll test] http://www.understandingrace.org/lived/video/index.html


 * 1955**


 * Emmett Till's Murder** (28 August 1955)

Murder in Mississippi of a young black teenager from Chicago for having insulted a white women.

Video: Moments in Civil Rights history (3:33) 14-year-old Emmett Till Abducted and Murdered in Mississippi Delta http://youtu.be/OvKfGATjigs

Video: American Freedom Stories: Emmett Till (2:18) https://youtu.be/MGqqOMTreNA

Woman Linked to 1955 Emmett Till Murder Tells Historian Her Claims Were False https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/27/us/emmett-till-lynching-carolyn-bryant-donham.html?_r=0

White artist's painting of Emmett Till draws protests https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/21/arts/design/painting-of-emmett-till-at-whitney-biennial-draws-protests.html?_r=0


 * 1955**


 * Montgomery, Alabama, Bus Boycott (Rosa Parks)**

Rosa Parks arrested on 1 December 1955

Video: Rosa Parks https://youtu.be/v8A9gvb5Fh0

Video: Rosa Parks mini bio https://youtu.be/qkF5_54iRDw

Remembering Rosa Parks | Today in History https://youtu.be/GCqTZOJz4s8

American Freedom Stories: MLK as the new pastor http://youtu.be/sPFGBfZi0gU

American Freedom Stories: Rosa Parks https://youtu.be/zTcwUKoidBc

Dec. 1, 1955 - Rosa Parks Arrested for Violating Segregation Laws https://youtu.be/7iXne4bf5JU

Martin Luther King will lead the Montgomery Improvement Association That group will sponsor the bus boycott

American Freedom Stories: Montgomery Bus Boycott http://youtu.be/FE6Yvy--5aw

The Montgomery Bus Boycott Ends https://youtu.be/eLanYTrI23Y

Rosa Parks (Today in History, Library of Congress) http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/dec01.html


 * Martin Luther King, Jr.**

Video: Martin Luther King, Jr. https://youtu.be/3ank52Zi_S0

Video: Martin Luther King, Jr mini bio https://youtu.be/bOEkRwJETN8

Martin Luther King, Jr. (Bruno Mars' "When I Was Your Man" Parody Put on wiki page plus use for HIST 152 https://youtu.be/jeWBq4T5qy0

Martin Luther King’s Christian America https://thewayofimprovement.com/2017/01/16/martin-luther-kings-christian-america/


 * 1956**


 * Southern Manifesto**

Document signed by 100 Southern members of Congress saying they would not obey the Brown versus Board of Education decision. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/sources_document2.html


 * White Citizens' Councils**

Class and White Citizen's Councils [Newseum] http://youtu.be/sn5na4k0Bxg

White Citizens' Councils Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute (Stanford University) []


 * 1957**


 * Southern Christian Leadership Conference** (SCLC)

Grouping of African-American pastors.

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (Encyclopedia of Alabama) []


 * Little Rock Central High School**

Central High School desegregated. Governor Faubus. Nine black students. President Eisenhower sent 101st Airborne.

Arkansas National Guard Prevent School Desegregation - 1957 | Today in History | 4 Sept http://youtu.be/RFVGKykCGyw

Colonel (Ret.) Heath Twichell on securing Little Rock Central High School http://youtu.be/3hRwOpYZbig

Book Trailer: Elizabeth and Hazel: Two Women of Little Rock, by David Margolick http://youtu.be/X46XuWzpFgA

Video: Moments in Civil Rights History (2:41) September 27, 1958: Little Rock Schools Close Rather Than Integrate https://youtu.be/DaaRlFSjm0I

Arkansas National Guard Bars “Little Rock Nine” From School http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/September-October-08/On-this-Day--Arkansas-National-Guard-Bars--Little-Rock-Nine--from-School.html


 * 1959**


 * Non-Violence**

MLK and his wife spent a month in India studying Gandhi's non–violence.

Video: Sound Smart Mahatma Gandhi https://youtu.be/rJBGjtOlAYw

MLK and Gandhi http://youtu.be/uSm8-bD5hdI

Video: Gandhi mini bio https://youtu.be/ept8hwPQQNg

Mahatma Gandhi https://youtu.be/rJBGjtOlAYw

King's Trip to India Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute (Stanford University) []


 * 1960**

Sit–ins

Need something more here

Video: Moments in Civil Rights history (2:41) Martin Luther King Arrested in Atlanta Sit-In Protest https://youtu.be/uoABKgFjGm4


 * Greensboro Lunch Counter Sit-in**

Details of what happened: Four African-American freshman (Joseph McNeil, Franklin McCain, Ezell Blair Jr., and David Richmond) at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University in Greensboro, North Carolina.

Decided to sit in at a Woolworth's lunch counter and request service.

[]

Greensboro Four: Civil Rights Sit-in http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/februaryone/sitin.html


 * Student NonViolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)**

Video: SNCC's legacy: A civil rights history (5:56) http://youtu.be/QZE0a5-p9pg

(SNCC—pronounced "snick). Established to coordinate sit–ins across the south.


 * Nashville sit-ins**

American Freedom Stories: John Lewis http://youtu.be/k6QJAGacJyU

John Lewis Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute (Stanford University) []

The question Diane Nash Asked the Memphis Mayor To End Desegregation http://youtu.be/vudezAfIxSE

"Who the hell is Diane Nash?" From Freedom Riders http://youtu.be/GIffL6KplzQ

Feb. 29, 1960 - Student Sit-in Organizers Expelled http://youtu.be/EgmieHf3gzg


 * MLK jailed** (October).

October 19, 1960 - Martin Luther King Arrested in Atlanta Sit-In Protest [right before 1960 Presidential election] https://youtu.be/uoABKgFjGm4

During the 1960 presidential election campaign, concern expressed by both JFK and Robert Kennedy for the arrest and prison sentence of Martin Luther King, Jr., earned Kennedy the black vote.


 * 1961**


 * Freedom Rides**

A group of black and white persons set out by bus from Washington, D.C. to New Orleans to test the "whites only" facilities of southern interstate bus terminals.

Video: Sound Smart Freedom Rides https://youtu.be/dJqA6PQRh3U

Freedom Riders: The Young Witness (Anniston) http://youtu.be/r1EDOL9II0s

Interview with white Freedom Rider Jim Zwerg http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/peoplescentury/episodes/skindeep/zwergtranscript.html

Dec. 5, 1960 - Public Bus Segregation Ruled Unconstitutional, Freedom Rides Continue https://youtu.be/TJEC4wkSXeA

Route taken by Freedom Riders Put in a good map

In Birmingham, riders attacked by Ku Klux Klan while police and FBI looked the other way. Google Images http://bit.ly/GFRvyE

Freedom Ride Protests Provoke Violent Backlash Across American South (Finding Dulcinea: On This Day) http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/May/Freedom-Ride-Protests-Provoke-Violent-Backlash-Across-American-South.html


 * 1962**


 * University of Mississippi Desegregated**

James Meredith desegregated the University of Mississippi.

Video: Moments in Civil Rights history (2:21) October 1, 1962 - James Meredith Integrates Ole Miss https://youtu.be/-F8K6p651v8

Video: Moments in Civil Rights history (2:21) James Meredith Graduates From Ole Miss http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/Aug/James-Meredith-Graduates-From-Ole-Miss.html

[Put in the actual day/month for this year]
 * 1963**


 * Project "C" [Confrontation] in Birmingham**

Birmingham, Alabama (called "Bombingham" by civil rights workers, due to so many unsolved bombings).

1. "Letter from a Birmingham Jail"

Written by MLK while in jail. Response to an ad from white pastors telling him that he was stirring up too much trouble.

Video: Letter from Birmingham Jail (5:39) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIpfCVt2eb4&feature=youtu.be

Letter from Birmingham Jail (Encyclopedia of Alabama) []

2. Birmingham Children's march. Police dogs and fire hoses. TV coverage shocked America.

American Freedom Stories: Children's Crusade of 1963 https://youtu.be/WV0k-3Hkjsw

American Freedom Stories: Civil Rights Foot Soldiers http://youtu.be/cWRJaSuDhTk

Video: Moments in Civil Rights history (2:39) 1963 Protesting Black Children Assaulted and Arrested in Birmingham, AL http://youtu.be/7g9aBsZu8MI

Childrens' Crusade Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute (Stanford University) []

3. Sheriff "Bull Connor.

Bull Connor Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute (Stanford University) []

4. JFK TV speech.

He was afraid of losing votes of white southern Democrats. He finally spoke out: "Civil rights is a moral issue."

Video: JFK speech on Civil Rights (1:35) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWX_pjyIq-g&feature=youtu.be

Kennedy's finest moment http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html?ref=global-home


 * Medgar Evers murdered**

Evers was the Mississippi head of NAACP.

Video: Medgar Evers mini bio https://youtu.be/VA6QFbDGfDM

American Freedom Stories: Medgar Evers Assassination (3:10) https://youtu.be/7gMvhvs1gMI

American Freedom Stories: Medgar Evers Legacy https://youtu.be/qbFMFcUUMd4

Medgar Evers Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute (Stanford University) []


 * March on Washington**

March on Washington - 1963 | Today in History | 28 Aug https://youtu.be/GlMQ4Sa8iYU


 * MLK "I Have a Dream Speech"**

One of the great speeches in U.S. history. Delivered as part of the program during a March on Washington (60,000 whites and 190,00 blacks).

Video: King Leads the March on Washington (3:21) http://youtu.be/0wDU-oYQN04

Video: 53rd Anniversary of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (2:54) https://youtu.be/D5kYEuSf7Ow

Video: Congressman John Lewis Recalls His Speech at March on Washington (2:08) http://youtu.be/MFUI-at4sEg

Martin Luther King Jr. Delivers “I Have a Dream” Speech []


 * Sixteenth Street Baptist Church bombing**

Bomb exploded during Sunday School, killing four teenage black girls. The Sunday school lesson for that morning was "A Love that Forgives."

American Freedom Stories: Bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church (3:18) https://youtu.be/K5KqCMsHlq0

September 15, 1963: Four Black Girls Killed in Bombing of Birmingham, Alabama, Church https://youtu.be/kfcExiQVzLs

Four Girls Killed in Birmingham Church Bombing http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/Sept/Four-Girls-Killed-in-Birmingham-Church-Bombing.html


 * John F. Kennedy assassinated**


 * New President is Lyndon B. Johnson**


 * 1964**


 * Freedom Summer: voter registration and freedom schools**

Local black leaders aided by white students from elite colleges. Whites in the South saw this activity as "invasion" by outside agitators.

What was the 1964 Freedom Summer Project Assign for homework http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Content.aspx?dsNav=N:4294963828-4294963805&dsRecordDetails=R:CS3707

Video: Mississippi in Black and White: Freedom Summer 50 Years Later http://youtu.be/1XhHiATDxu8


 * Voter registration**

No real power for blacks until they could vote. But risked their lives if they went through with the process.

1965 Alabama literacy test http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/literacy_popup.html


 * Murder in Mississippi (21 June 1964)**

Two white and one black civil rights workers were murdered in Mississippi.

Two white (Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerner) and one black (James Chaney) civil rights workers were murdered in Mississippi.

Video: Moments in Civil Rights history (2:49) August 4, 1964: Bodies of Murdered Civil Rights Workers Found in Mississippi http://youtu.be/jYdszjtiPrg

Three Civil Rights Workers in Mississippi Go Missing http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/June/Three-Civil-Rights-Workers-in-Mississippi-Go-Missing.html


 * Civil Rights Act (1 July 1964)**

Johnson signs Civil Rights Act (History.com This Day in History | 7/2/1964) []

Civil Rights Act Passed - 1964 | Today in History | 19 June https://youtu.be/6J6xO4gtCJM

Provisions: The Civil Rights Act prohibited racial discrimination in employment and education and outlawed racial segregation in public places such as schools, buses, parks and swimming pools.


 * MLK won the Nobel Peace Prize**.

This Day in History - Martin Luther King Wins the Nobel Peace Prize http://youtu.be/MCEgCuNxwQI

Martin Luther King: The Nobel Prize for Peace (Museum of the Bible) http://youtu.be/BZ3T9Qqdvuk

MLK Wins Nobel Peace Prize 1964 (New York Times) http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1014.html#article


 * 1965**


 * Selma:**


 * a. "Bloody Sunday".**

Selma (New York Times) Check out this front page of New York Times [|http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0307.html#article]

Video: Moments in Civil Rights history (3:56) March 7, 1965 - Bloody Sunday https://youtu.be/jp0uXZdDxhs

Bloody Sunday []

http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/March-April-08/On-This-Day--The-Selma-to-Montgomery-March-Begins.html
 * b. Selma to Montgomery march**

Video: American Freedom Stories: March from Selma to Montgomery (4:11) https://youtu.be/q1_KtW-9tIg

Our God Is Marching On - How Long? Not Long! http://youtu.be/lez10drkLAw

Encyclopedia of Alabama: Selma to Montgomery March []


 * LBJ speech to Congress calling for legislation on voting rights**

Asks Joint Session of Congress for sweeping civil rights legislation. Ends speech with "we shall overcome." His southern friends appalled at his sellout.

Video: LBJ -- We Shall Overcome (0:53) http://youtu.be/bKDVNSpsBZE


 * Voting Rights Act of 1965**

Voting Rights Act of 1965 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965

Video: Sound Smart Voting Rights Act of 1965 https://youtu.be/-nrpLVgO7l4

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 set strict rules for protecting the right of African Americans to vote–that have since been used to enforce equal rights for women as well as all minorities.

Video (2:56) http://youtu.be/MdjcTLeSz9I


 * Watts Riots**

Watts Riots - 1965 | Today in History | 11 Aug https://youtu.be/PE9jA1dU3jE

Video: Moments in Civil Rights history (3:44) August 17, 1965: Days of Riots End in Watts https://youtu.be/7ye5gldN2Ik

Watts Riots 1965 (New York Times) http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0811.html#article


 * 1967**


 * Black power**

Militant black leaders gained prominence in SNCC, questioned Martin Luther King's philosophy of nonviolence, and forced white members to leave the organization.

Black Power Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute (Stanford University) []


 * Malcolm X**

Put in a sentence or two here

Video: Malcolm X http://youtu.be/9a3hT8f6Kkk


 * Black Panther Party**

Founded in California. Major figures: Eldridge Cleaver, Huey Newton, and Bobby Seale. Advocated violent confrontation with whites.

Video: Sound Smart Black Panthers https://youtu.be/B8SRcIbLQBg

Video: 5 Things To Know About The Black Panthers (2:08) http://youtu.be/W9PwhmyhYLA


 * 1968**


 * Tet Offensive in Vietnam (February)**


 * Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.** (April: in Memphis)

Martin Luther King's Last Speech: "I've Been To The Mountaintop" http://youtu.be/Oehry1JC9Rk

Video:Moments in Civil Rights history (2:33) Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Assassinated http://youtu.be/fXOGRI-5S9U

1968 King Assassination Report (CBS News) http://youtu.be/cmOBbxgxKvo

Assassination of MLK Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute (Stanford University) []


 * Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy** (June: in Los Angeles)

Senator Robert F. Kennedy Assassinated http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/May-June-08/On-This-Day--Senator-Robert-F--Kennedy-Assassinated.html

Video: Robert F. Kennedy mini bio https://youtu.be/J84hEsjY3BQ


 * Black Power Salute at Mexico City Olympics**

Who: Tommie Smith and John Carlos

Video: Moments in Civil Rights history (2:45) October 16, 1968 - U.S. Olympic Sprinters Protest Racial Inequality https://youtu.be/E3wjBlnxNek

U.S. Athletes Give Black Power Salute on Olympic Podium http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/September-October-08/On-this-Day--US-Athletes-Give-Black-Power-Salute-on-Olympic-Podium.html


 * Hispanic School Protests in Los Angeles**

East LA Walkouts http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_LA_walkouts

Sal Castro and the 1968 East LA Walkouts []

Joan Baez: No nos moveran https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kKopB66ujuQ&feature=youtu.be

Walkout: The True Story of the Historic 1968 Chicano Student Walkout in East L.A. []