Kennedy+Reading+Guide


 * READING GUIDE**

David M. Kennedy. //Freedom From Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945//. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN: 978-0-19-514403-1


 * PROLOGUE**: November 11, 1918, 1-9

Read it completely.

Here are several useful general articles to use as background:
 * CHAPTER 1: The American People on the Eve of the Great Depression**, 10-42

Herbert Hoover [] [] []

The Ordeal of Herbert Hoover (2 part series) http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2004/summer/hoover-1.html http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2004/summer/hoover-2.html

U.S. presidential election, 1928 []

Great Depression in the United States [] []

11 Hoover sketch 14-16 Urban life 21-23 Industrialization 27-29 Women 29 Financial 32-33 Republican party 38-39 Causes of the Depression ??? 41 Extent of stock ownership


 * CHAPTER 2: Panic**, 43-69

44-46 Hoover sketch 49-50 Tariffs/protectionism 51-52 Orthodox economic theory/Hoover's understanding of it 53 Sustain purchasing power/don't cut paychecks 54 (+57) Stimulus of construction work 56 The future: veiled and inscrutable (Google: define inscrutable) 59 Not yet losing. But tide began to ebb. 60-62 Congressional political party makeup. Compare to today. Obstructionism. 63 George Norris. Who would be similar to him--opposing Obama today. 65-69 Read all 4 pages closely.


 * CHAPTER 3: The Ordeal of Herbert Hoover**, 70-103

70-71 What do you think of Hoover's argument: WWI caused Depression?

72-73 What comparisons between debt forgiveness then and bailouts today? Germany recently paid off the final interest payment on WWI debt.

75-76 Let's talk about the Gold Standard http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_standard We now have a system of floating currencies. Check out this website: http://www.forexdirectory.net/quotesfx.html The price of gold fluctuates as you can see at this website: http://www.forexdirectory.net/gold.html

77 Is there a comparable "psychology of fear" today?

83 What is meant by the "political and ideological Rubicon"?

83 Is the Federal Reserve an "uncooperative partner" today? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System

84 To what proposal today can the Hoover's RFC be compared? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstruction_Finance_Corporation

85 "If Hoover could be made to support federal relief for the banks, why not federal relief for the unemployed." What ideological comparisons today?

86-90 Impact of the Depression on people

93-94 What is comparable today to "we don't give a hoot in a rain barrel who controls North China." What are we doing today that may "set a match to a long fuse" leading to a future war.

95- What is your opinion of the capabilities/limitations of FDR at this point? 100 What do we need most from a President: first-class temperament or first-class intellect? Does it matter one way or another?

102 FDR simply "weaved together incompatible drafts." Is this surprising?

103 Do leaders generally grow in office?


 * CHAPTER 4: Interregnum**, 104-130

Interregnum: Period between the election in early November and the inauguration of the new President. Was longer then (March 2) than now (January 20). Hoover and FDR did not work together during that transition period.

104 Is the interval before election and inauguration today still too lengthy?

I don't understand that bit about the congressional session.

105 Compare the coordination between Hoover/FDR to Bush/Obama.

106-107 How might different views of the causes (domestic/foreign) of Depression have led to different possible solutions?

111 Would U.S. ever be wise to just have a dictator solve problems?

111-113 Was FDR a "peanut brain"? React to the statement about FDR's capacity for "almost impenetrable concealment of intention."

113-115 To what other Presidents can FDR be compared?

117 Seemingly three purposes of New Deal: social reform, political realignment, economic recovery. Let's watch for these in actual policies.

119-120 What else can we learn about the "Brain Trust." Does Obama have/need a Brain Trust?

Brain Trust http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_Trust

Adolph Berle http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Berle

Raymond Morley http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Moley

Rexford Tugwell http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rexford_Tugwell

Felix Frankfurter http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Frankfurter

125 Does Obama have comparable party majorities in Congress?

129 Are any members of Congress today comparable to "Depression babies"?

Franklin Delano Roosevelt [] [] []

Groton School http://www.groton.org/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groton_School

Endicott Peabody http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endicott_Peabody_(educator)

Muscular Christianity http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_Christianity

Harvard--Porcellian Club http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porcellian_Club


 * CHAPTER 5: The Hundred Days**, 131-159


 * Issues during the New Deal**

Policy issues [all of which can be subject to criticism] Was it the job of the federal government to do any of this? Today we debate how to reverse the role and intrusion of the federal government

133 How was it possible the "two men never saw each other again"? 134- Compare Obama's transition with what we read in these pages. How much bipartisan support was in evidence and for how long? 136 Emergency Banking Act. Emergency Banking Act (Wikipedia) [] +++ 136 What is equivalent today to FDR's Fireside Chats? Fireside chats (Wikipedia) []

FDR's Fireside Chats: The Power of Words (EDSITEment) http://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plan/fdrs-fireside-chats-power-words#sect-background http://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plan/fdrs-fireside-chats-power-words#sect-activities http://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plan/fdrs-fireside-chats-power-words#sect-extending

70th anniversary of FDR's Fireside Chats (12 March 1933) (Museum of Broadcast Communications) http://www.museum.tv/exhibitionssection.php?page=79 +++ 137 How would citizens communicate with President Obama? 137 How will Obama handle press conferences? How will the press treat him compared to the treatment FDR received? 139 Is the Hundred Days a fair comparison for today's leaders? FDR Project The First 100 Days [] 140-141 Great sentence. "It included …." 141 AAA. What was it? What about the idea of "domestic allotment?" Agricultural Adjustment Act (Wikipedia) []

144 Would you have joined the CCC? Any camps in California? Civilian Conservation Corps (Wikipedia) [] We can take it! (Civilian Conservation Corps) (GMU) []
 * Civilian Conservation Corps**

Check this out: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/ccc/ Go to Photo Gallery. Click through the photos there. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/photo-gallery/ccc/

Interview with Kristin McSwain comparing AmeriCorps to CCC http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/interview/1930s-today-kristin-mcswain/

Civilian Conservation Corps http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2006/fall/ccc.html http://www.archives.gov/historical-docs/todays-doc/index.html?dod-date=1117#2010

145 What about that Alexander Hamilton comparison? Look up material on Harry Hopkins. Harry Hopkins (Wikipedia) []

146 What is the Social Gospel tradition. Who espoused it? Social Gospel http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Gospel Walter Rauschenbusch http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Rauschenbusch Washington Gladden http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Gladden

148 TVA: good or bad? Tennessee Valley Authority (Wikipedia) []

150 Work-spreading. Any such ideas today? 151 Major legislation.

Home relief (dole) versus work relief [can be criticized as make-work]

National Industrial Recovery Act (Wikipedia) [] National Recovery Administration (Wikipedia) [] Public Works Administration (Wikipedia) [] 151 Shut people in a room; don't come out until you have a solution. Yes? 153 Great summary of Hundred Days. Terrific concluding paragraph. Glass-Steagall Act (Wikipedia) [] 155 Killing the London conference emboldened our potential enemies. Any current analogies? 158 FDR knew what was occurring internationally—or did he?


 * CHAPTER 6: The Ordeal of the American People**, 160-189

160-162 Lorena Hickok. Footnote #6 is a fine example of format and informative quality. Lorena Hickok (Wikipedia) [] 162-163 How much of stock value has eroded now compared to then? Bank deposits? Foreclosures? 164-165 Out migration to Russia. Would you have gone there? Our treatment of Mexican people has varied greatly. What do you think? 166 What is unemployment rate today? 167 That Rose Bowl example is powerful and a great way to bring to life an otherwise sterile statistic. 167 Hopkins: can't keep stirred up over six million. Yes? 168 Human wreckage of …… What do you think? True? Biased pinko?

171 FERA checks flowed to swing states. Are you shocked?

For swing states in 2012 election, see "Polls See Sharp Divide in 3 Swing States" (New York Times) http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/08/us/politics/polls-see-sharp-divide-in-3-swing-states.html?pagewanted=all

Federal Emergency Relief Administration (Wikipedia) []

172-173 Are the needy to blame for their plight? How would you handle being a welfare administrator? 175" Mortifying" means test? Niggardly, condescending administrators? 176 CWA projects: mounted swiftly. People today say "shovel-ready."

CWA: A subdivision of Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) Civil Works Administration (Wikipedia) [] 177 Would you like to do have done lunch with Hugh Johnson? Great sentence: "Melodramatic in his temperament…." Hugh Samuel Johnson (Wikipedia) []

178 Major issue then as today: lavish or penny-pinching approach. []

Major issue then as today: lavish or penny-pinching approach.

"Four Million Jobs in two years. FDR did it in 2 months." (Slate) Compares Obama's stimulus with FDR's CWA/PWA http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/chatterbox/2009/01/wrong_harry.html

183 Look up the Blue Eagle. Comparable today to what? Blue Eagle (Wikipedia) [] Blue Eagle http://www.google.com/images?hl=en&source=imghp&q=blue+eagle+nra&gbv=2&aq=6&aqi=g10&aql=&oq=blue+eagle 184 What does "cartelization of American industry" mean? 189 Last paragraph. Any sense that we are in danger today?


 * CHAPTER 7: Chasing the Phantom of Recovery**, 190-217

191 A New Deal or a stacked deck? 192 Any "desolate facts of American rural life" today? 194 Notice the theme of "the tense membrame of class and race" in South.

194-195 What can we learn about the "Dust Bowl" times from these websites?

Farming in the 1930s http://livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe30s/farminginthe1930s.html Click through each of the seven modules:

Spirit of ’32 (Farm Holidays) (GMU) http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6696

Dust Bowl [see pages http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl

Dust Bowl (Gilder Lehrman Summer Seminar)) http://www.gilderlehrman.org/teachers/seminar_docs/betweenwar_doc4.html

Voices from the Dust Bowl, 1940-1941 (LOC) http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/connections/dust-bowl/

U.S. Route 66 (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_66

The Grapes of Wrath (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Grapes_of_Wrath Grapes of Wrath http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trm143.html

LOC American Memory Timeline Section entitled "Great Depression and World War Two http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/depwwii/depwar.html Go to the following sections: "The Dust Bowl" Go to article entitled "Trampling out the Vintage"

Surviving the Dust Bowl http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/dustbowl/ Watch some of the videos Then go to Photo Gallery. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/dustbowl/photoGallery/

197 FDR embraced a questionable economic theory. "Like a cracker-barrel argument: dubious premises to sputtering conclusion." 198-199 But it kept the farmers quiet. Spirit of ’32 (Farm Holidays) (GMU) [] 199 Adam Smith and his "invisible hand." What do you think of it? [] 202 System of farm subsidies. What in the 2008-2009 stimulus package will outlive its current utility? 205 "The drama of their destruction fixed the AAA in the minds of many Americans." What other examples of good/bad PR then and now can we think of? Agricultural Adjustment Act (Wikipedia) [] 210 FDR reaction to proposed anti-lynching bill. Will see more in next chapter. 211 Nucleus of young lawyers in a given government agency. What other examples then and now? 213 AAA like NRA protected big interests. Will big interests always come out on top? 214 American Liberty League and some of its key proponents. American Liberty League (Wikipedia) [] 215-216 We will deal in next chapter with Long, Townsend, Sinclair, and Coughlin. 216 November 1934 mid-term election results. [] [] 217 Comparison of FDR to McClellan. Any other such comparisons?


 * CHAPTER 8: The Rumble of Discontent**, 218-248

218-219 Read this introductory material carefully. Great overview. Critics of the New Deal (Wikipedia) [] 219-220 What did the progressives argue? Are you convinced? [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1924]) 223-224 Folks have always been suspect of us in California!

224-225 Francis Townsend Francis Townsend (Wikipedia) [] [] []

225-227 Upton Sinclair Upton Sinclair (Wikipedia) [] []

227-234 Father Charles Coughlin Charles Coughlin (Wikipedia) [] American Rhetoric Father Charles Coughlin - Roosevelt or Ruin [] Father Coughlin (Social Security Online History) [] Charles E. Coughlin radio broadcast 1935 []

234-242 Huey Long Huey Long (Wikipedia) [] [] Share Our Wealth (Wikipedia) []

243 Alan Brinkley analysis of appeal of these critics. 244-248 Roosevelt's response


 * CHAPTER 9: A Season for Reform**, 249-256 [CHECK PAGE NUMBERS]

249 John Maynard Keynes John Maynard Keynes (Wikipedia) []

The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_General_Theory_of_Employment,_Interest,_and_Money

251 Should we follow today those criteria to give out work-relief funds? [] 252 Rural Electrification Administration 252 National Youth Administration.

252-256 Works Progress Administration. Plus each of its parts. Works Progress Administration (WPA) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration

WPA (LOC) Today in History April 8 http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/apr08.html

Webquest: Posters from the WPA http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/wpaposters/highlights.html

Employed educated persons: Federal Art, Writers', Theater Projects Federal Music Project (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Music_Project Federal Theatre Project (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Theatre_Project Federal Writers' Project (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Writers%27_Project

Criticized by conservatives as make-work

LOC American Memory Timeline http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/depwwii/depwar.html Section entitled "Great Depression and World War Two Go to the following section: "Americans React to the Great Depression" Go to article entitled "WPA Road"

257-273 Social Security. Let's analyze these pages carefully. Frances Perkins (Wikipedia) []

273-281 1935 Special legislation session. Why did FDR handle it the way he did?

Old Right (United States) (Wikipedia) [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States]) 281 Raymond Moley Raymond Moley (Wikipedia) [] 283 Gerald K. Smith [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Party_(United_States])

285-287 Presidential Election of 1936 United States presidential election, 1936 (Wikipedia) []

We will skip this chapter.
 * CHAPTER 10: Strike**

323 How could FDR have gotten into such difficulties? Was he overly bold after a sweeping victory in 1936? []
 * CHAPTER 11: The Ordeal of Franklin Roosevelt**, 323-362

324 Political risk: new President could reverse; Congress could dismantle; Supreme Court could overturn. How should a President proceed?

325 We will look at how FDR struck out at 1) judiciary, 2) Congress, and 3) southerners in his Democratic Party.

325-337 Judiciary, the so-called **Court Packing** attempt. Let's look in detail.

Court Packing Bill (Wikipedia) [] [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Horsemen_(Supreme_Court])

FDR's Court-Packing Plan (History Now) []

Roosevelt Goes Too Far in Packing the Court (GMU). This is useful. []

332-333 How about the Vice President!!! Plus Burton Wheeler. John Nance Garner - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [] []

335 Switch in time that saved nine. The switch in time that saved nine (Wikipedia) [] []

337 Use Google Search to define Pyrrhic victory. What were the deep fissures in the Democratic party at this juncture.

338 Are barons sort of like warlords. What is an American Runnymede.

339-341 Conservative coalition. Conservative coalition (Wikipedia) []

[] http://www.northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/12/entry

342-342 FDR's approach to an anti-lynching bill.

345-349 FDR went against southern wing of Democratic party. Poor results in 1938 congressional elections. [] []

350-357 Roosevelt recession of 1937

Recession of 1937 What is Obama equivalent, if any? []

What is Obama equivalent, if any? Brain Trust []

Felix Frankfurter [] Thomas Corcoran [] Harold L. Ickes [] Henry A. Wallace [] []

361 Two great summary paragraphs: one on FDR's New Deal, the other on the gathering storm clouds internationally.


 * CHAPTER 12: What the New Deal Did**, 363-380

Look up how each of the following are playing out in 2011.

366 Glass-Steagall Banking Act Glass-Steagall Act (Wikipedia) []

367 Securities and Exchange Commission Securities Act of 1933 (Wikipedia) []

369 Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) []

377 Good summary.


 * WORLD WAR TWO**


 * CHAPTER 13: The Gathering Storm**, 380-403 [**first half of a long chapter**]

What was happening in 1930s America/Germany? What examples of isolationism in America as a result of remembrance of WWI? What examples of dictators on the march? What comparisons between how Britain saw a reluctant U.S. prior to WWII versus how U.S. saw a reluctant France prior to Iraq war? How did each country make its geopolitical calculations based on prior events and new events?

Let's make sure we get to know each of the major leaders during World War Two: Winston Churchill (Wikipedia) [] Joseph Stalin (Wikipedia) [] Chiang Kai-shek (Wikipedia) [] Charles de Gaulle (Wikipedia) []

Adolf Hitler [] Benito Mussolini (Wikipedia) [] Hideki Tojo (Wikipedia) [] Hirohito (Wikipedia) []

Let's make sure we understand the issues (and chronology) of the events in this chapter:

U.S. Neutrality Acts []

Remilitarization of the Rhineland (Wikipedia) []

Axis powers (Wikipedia) []

Anti-Comintern Pact (Wikipedia) []

German annexation of Austria (Anschluss) []

Spanish Civil War (Wikipedia) [] Abraham Lincoln Brigade (Wikipedia) [] 1st Lincoln Battalion flag.svg (Wikipedia) Bombing of Guernica (Wikipedia) [] [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guernica_(painting]) Foreign involvement in the Spanish Civil War (Wikipedia) []

Italian Invasion of Ethiopia (Wikipedia) []

"Moral Embargo" []

Events preceding World War II in Asia (Wikipedia) []

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere (Wikipedia) []

Japanese invasion of Manchuria (Wikipedia) [] Manchuria Invasion 1931 Mukden Incident (Wikipedia) []

Marco Polo Bridge Incident (Wikipedia) []

Nanking Massacre (Wikipedia) []

Panay incident (Wikipedia) []

Japanese Sympathy over Panay incident http://www.archives.gov/historical-docs/todays-doc/index.html?dod-date=1212#2010 http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2001/summer/two-japans-1.html http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2001/summer/two-japans-2.html

Pearl S. Buck The Good Earth (Wikipedia) []

Louis Ludlow []


 * CHAPTER 13: The Gathering Storm**, 404-425 [**second half of a long chapter**]

Robert R. McCormick [] Chicago Tribune []

"Quarantine" speech []

1936 Summer Olympics [] Jesse Owens (Wikipedia) [] []

Jewish refugees' issue [] 1924 National Origins Act (Immigration Act of 1924) [] Kristallnacht [] SS St. Louis (Wikipedia) []

Munich Conference [] Neville Chamberlain (Wikipedia) [] Appeasement []

Sudetenland []

German occupation of Czechoslovakia (Wikipedia) []

Italian invasion of Ethiopia []

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact (Wikipedia) []

PhonyWar []

Here are some additional resources to use from our laptops:

Interactive: America on the Sidelines, 1931-1941 (Teaching American History) http://teachingamericanhistory.org/neh/interactives/neutrality/

U.S. Athletes Avoid Nazi Salute at 1936 Olympics NYT http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0801.html#article

YouTube - 1936 Berlin Nazi Olympics Opening Ceremonies http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1dyns367ExE&feature=related

Kristallnacht in Words and Photographs - Photo Essays - TIME http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1857458,00.html

Neville Chamberlain and Hitler NYT http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0930.html#article


 * CHAPTER 14: The Agony of Neutrality**, 426-464 [**PUT IN SPECIFIC PAGE NUMBERS**]

What were the various "methods short of war" that U.S. employed? Analyze each. What might be some comparisons in 2011—our approach to Iran, for instance?

Quarantine the Aggressor (Wikisource) []

Neutrality Bill debate lasted 6 weeks in Congress. Look at testimony and speeches. How did FDR and Churchill work each other?

Churchill and the Great Republic (LOC)) [] DBQ FDR and Churchill (National Archives) []

How did FDR zig and zag as he tried to move us to be ready for war. What were the obstacles facing him? How did we attempt to balance U.S. needs versus those of our allies? What were the obstacles in this endeavor?

Tripartite Pact (Wikipedia) []

1 September 1939 War in Europe Begins

BBC On This Day 1 September 1939 Germany invades Poland http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3506000/3506335.stm

German Army Attacks Poland NYT http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0901.html#article

Invasion of Poland (1939) (Wikipedia) [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland_(1939])

BBC On This Day 3 September 1939 Britain and France declare war on Germany http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/3/newsid_3493000/3493279.stm

BBC On This Day 10 May 1940 Churchill takes helm as Germans advance http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/10/newsid_3497000/3497115.stm

[] BBC On This Day 10 July 1940 Luftwaffe launches Battle of Britain http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/10/newsid_3516000/3516193.stm
 * Battle of Britain** (Wikipedia)

[] [] Edward R. Murrow (Wikipedia) [] Flames Leap High during London Blitz [|http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1229.html#article] German Planes Raid London NYT [|http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0907.html#article]
 * The Blitz** (Wikipedia)

BBC On This Day 7 Sept 1940 London blitzed by German bombers http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/7/newsid_3515000/3515708.stm

BBC On This Day 15 Sept 1940 Victory for RAF in Battle of Britain http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/15/newsid_3521000/3521611.stm

[] Little ships of Dunkirk (Wikipedia) []
 * Dunkirk** evacuation

BBC On This Day 4 June 1940 Dunkirk rescue is over; Churchill defiant http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/4/newsid_3500000/3500865.stm

BBC - History - World Wars Animated Map The Fall of France (Dunkirk) http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/launch_ani_fall_france_campaign.shtml

BBC On This Day 14 June 1940 German troops enter Paris http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/14/newsid_4485000/4485727.stm


 * CHAPTER 15: To the Brink**, 465-515

465 "But for all the apparent inevitability of Anglo-American cooperation against the Nazi threat, in actual practice the transatlantic partnership was devilishly difficult to forge." Let's analyze how this partnership evolved.

468-469 "Arsenal of Democracy" issue. Evaluate the domestic and international implications of America's new role as "the arsenal of democracy." []

467-475 Lend-Lease []

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cash_and_carry_(World_War_II) http://www.pbs.org/behindcloseddoors/in-depth/supplying-allies.html

"Cash-and-Carry" [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cash_and_carry_(World_War_II])

YouTube - WWII - US announces Cash and Carry law http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q3AxZ09364k&feature=channel_page

YouTube - WWII - War material shipment from US http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fB7kTGsDfUs&feature=channel_page

President Signs Lend Lease bill NYT http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0311.html#article

Lend Lease debated for weeks in Congress. Explain what the Lend-Lease program did and which countries it aided. Analyze the way President Roosevelt presented the program to the public, the political spin surrounding the passage of the Lend-Lease Act.

469-470 Four Freedoms []

471 To get involved or not to get involved Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies (Wikipedia) [] America First Committee (Wikipedia) []

479 Pay particular attention to the questions at the top of the page. Check out footnote #30 at bottom of the page for a glimpse of FDR at work.

480 Admiral Stark's plan is important. []

482-483 Complication for the Allies: Germany invaded the USSR (6/22/40) Should we ally ourselves with the "devil" (the Soviets)? Operation Barbarossa (Wikipedia) []

BBC On This Day 22 June 1941 Hitler invades the Soviet Union http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/22/newsid_3526000/3526691.stm

484 Hopkins to Moscow. What might be a comparable trip in 2009?

486-487 Let's look at the Wedemeyer plan. []

488-500 Battle of the Atlantic (good map on page 48) Battle of Britain and Blitz gave way to the Battle of the Atlantic How did FDR zig/zag? []

BBC - History - World Wars The Battle of the Atlantic Game http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/launch_gms_battle_atlantic.shtml

491 Analyze this page carefully.

492 Greenland and Iceland. What do we know about each one today?

496 Famous meeting in Newfoundland between FDR and Churchill. Atlantic Charter. Atlantic Charter (Wikipedia) []

BBC On This Day 14 Aug 1941 Secret meetings seal US-Britain alliance http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/14/newsid_3536000/3536533.stm

497-500 Look closely at this analysis of the escort policy. 497 Greer Incident (Wikipedia) [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Greer_(DD-145]) 499 USS Kearny (Wikipedia) [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Kearny_(DD-432]) 499 USS Reuben James (Wikipedia) [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Reuben_James_(DD-245])

500-515 Follow the ins-and-outs of US/Japan geopolitical moves leading to the outbreak of war. Particular importance of China and the Stimson Doctrine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimson_Doctrine

Was the US too unyielding to Japan?

What will future historians say about current US policy toward Iran and North Korea?

Events preceding World War II in Asia (Wikipedia) []


 * CHAPTER 16: War in the Pacific**, 516-564

516-526 Analyze the events up to/including/following Pearl Harbor. [] Isoroku Yamamoto (Wikipedia) []

BBC On This Day 7 Dec 1941 Japanese planes bomb Pearl Harbor http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/7/newsid_3494000/3494108.stm

BBC On This Day 11 Dec 1941 Germany and Italy declare war on US http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/11/newsid_3532000/3532401.stm

BBC On This Day 15 Feb 1942 Singapore forced to surrender http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/15/newsid_3529000/3529447.stm

526-531 Philippines. MacArthur. Bataan. Douglas MacArthur (Wikipedia) []

Bataan Death March (Wikipedia) [] Bataan Memorial Death March - White Sands New Mexico - March 27, 2011 http://www.bataanmarch.com/

532-543 War plans of US/Japan.

[]
 * Doolittle Raid** on Tokyo (4/18/1942)

Work your way through each of the parts of this wonderful animation: Prelude, Preparations, Deployment, Approach, The Raid, Aftermath []

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Midway
 * Battle of Midway** (6/6). U.S. wins. Turning point in Pacific war.

BBC On This Day 7 Jun 1942 Japanese beaten in Battle of Midway http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/7/newsid_3499000/3499378.stm

Battle of Midway (TWHP) []

Animated Maps of the Battle of Midway: Work your way through each of the parts of the following animation: Early 1942, Battle of the Coral Sea, Midway Island, Japanese Deployment, American Deployment, Fleet Movements, Action June 3, Action June 4-7 http://historyanimated.com/Midway.html

MAGIC (cryptography) (Wikipedia) [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_(cryptography])

544-561 **Guadalcanal** Naval strategy comparisons between US/Japan Guadalcanal Campaign (Wikipedia) [] Our Men In Drives On Guadalcanal [|http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1112.html#article] Guadalcanal Is Ours NYT [|http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0209.html#article] Japanese Soldier Describes Horrors of Guadalcanal (GMU) []

History Animated interactive map of the Guadalcanal campaign: http://www.pacificwaranimated.com/guadalcanal-

Related resources: [] [] [] [] [] [] []

554 Great writing on this page.

559 Death calculation.

560 Sullivan brothers. []

561 Racial animosity. Japanese like animals. Is that a fair assessment?

563 PT-109 of John F. Kennedy fame. []

564 US island-hopping strategy.

Here are some excellent overall web resources:

~THE WAR (Ken Burns PBS) http://www.pbs.org/thewar/

Website Spotlight: THE WAR

~Behind Closed Doors (PBS) http://www.pbs.org/behindcloseddoors/

Website Spotlight: Behind Closed Doors



~World War II movies

~Interactive Map: Pacific Theater []

~Interactive Map: European Theater []

Dissect the chapter title. Issues between FDR/Churchill/Stalin over war strategy Quebec Conference, 1943 (Wikipedia) []
 * CHAPTER 17: Unready Ally, Uneasy Alliance**, 565-614

565-572 +Pages 588-590. Battle of the Atlantic. Analyze it. Why couldn't we use some of these techniques to eliminate today's pirate threat? Battle of the Atlantic (1939–1945) (Wikipedia) [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic_(1939%E2%80%931945])

572-573 American way of war. Does it make sense?

573 Bolero plan. Main thrust from Britain. USSR wanted a second front in France sooner than the Brits would permit. Brits got their way (North Africa and Italy) initially until the US became the senior partner. []

Go back in time to the unsuccessful Dieppe Raid http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieppe_Raid
 * Dieppe Raid** precedent for a cross-channel attack

BBC On This Day 19 Aug 1942 Allies launch daring raid on Dieppe http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/19/newsid_3560000/3560309.stm

575 Soviet foreign minister Molotov [] []

Yes, no, second front. Equivalent to Joe Biden's rap on Rudy Giuliani: noun+verb+9/11

576-577 Churchill argued for a "periphery" strategy.

577-584 +Page 590. Operation Torch. North African landings. What were the military/political/diplomatic tradeoffs/challenges for the US? Tradeoff with Bolero (invasion of Western Europe)

Operation Torch (Wikipedia) []

BBC On This Day 4 Nov 1942 Rommel goes on the run at El Alamein http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/4/newsid_3564000/3564385.stm

BBC - History - World Wars Animated Map The Battle of El Alamein http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/launch_ani_el_alamein.shtml

BBC - History - World Wars Animated Map The North African Campaign http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/launch_ani_north_africa_campaign.shtml

Philippe Pétain [] Vichy France (Wikipedia) []

578 Read this page carefully

579 U.S. election cycle. This election cycle issue constantly arose in our approach to the war in Iraq.

584-588 Casablanca Conference Analyze it. What about the idea of "unconditional surrender?" Was it the right approach in retrospect?

Casablanca Conference (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casablanca_Conference Casablanca Conference NYT [|http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0114.html#article] Casablanca (LOC) Today in History November 26 [] Casablanca (1942) []

589-590 Battle of Atlantic: power shift; Germany on the decline

590-601 Various issues in these specific pages:

~Trace the discontent of Stalin over the war strategy.

~**Patton** He probably rode his horse right by APU campus. []

Issue of battle fatigue and slapping incident (p. 594)

~Allied invasion of **Sicily** (Wikipedia) []

BBC On This Day 10 Jul 1943 Western allies invade Sicily http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/10/newsid_3587000/3587283.stm

~Allied invasion of **Italy** (Wikipedia) []

BBC On This Day 3 Sep 1943 Allied troops invade mainland Italy http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/3/newsid_3585000/3585719.stm

Monte Cassino and Anzio

Bob Dole was wounded in Italy

BBC Animated Map: Italian Campaign http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/launch_ani_italy_campaign.shtml

601-608 Analyze the tradeoffs in the Allied bombing offensive (area bombing at night by Brits; "precision"—was it precise?—bombing in day by US). What problems in planes and men. What targets (hard v. people). US Strategic Bombing Survey (European War) []

609 Analyze the allocation of resources to war effort in Europe/Pacific (now 30%). Compare today to Iraq/Afghanistan. Battle of Tarawa. []

611-613 Stalin still mad. He may well take most of Europe his way if US doesn't get into the game via France.


 * CHAPTER 18: The War of Machines**, 615-668

615 Keep in mind the three fundamentals of the war's outcome—time, men, materiel—and their complex interaction.

617 Interesting observation: unused capacity from the Depression made the transition to war more efficient.

618-619 U.S. safe from enemy action. What an important advantage.

620-630 How did FDR gear up the US for war. Think about the issues of inefficiencies/profit potential/waste as compared to US in Iraq war.

Website Spotlight: Powers of Persuasion: Poster Art from WWII http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/powers_of_persuasion/powers_of_persuasion_home.html

Boy Scouts Distribute Posters during World War II (2 part series) http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2005/summer/posters-1.html http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2005/summer/posters-2.html

630-631 **Battle of Stalingrad.** Understand it on its own merit. Then consider how the Soviet victory convinced US that USSR would stay in the war. US capped its military at 90 divisions. How many divisions do we have today?

Battle of Stalingrad (Wikipedia) [] Russians Liquidate Last Stalingrad Pocket [|http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0202.html#article]

BBC On This Day 2 Feb 1943 Germans surrender at **Stalingrad** http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/2/newsid_3573000/3573003.stm

631-637 US needed men, but who?

637-644 What do you think of the strikers? Would you have wanted to shoot them?

644-647 Rationing versus consumer's paradise. How can we assess this observation?

Rationing (UVA) [] Rationing (Wikipedia) [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationing#United_States] Rationing on the US Homefront during WW II [] Records from War Ration Books for Genealogy World War Two (1942 - 1945) []

647-653 Synthetic rubber—shows what US can do if we have to. Liberty Ships. Kaiser shipyards in Richmond and Fontana. Kaiser Health Care. [] [] Liberty Ships and Victory Ships (TWHP) []

653-655 Henry Ford. Willow Run. B-24 production compared to Liberty Ships. [] []

655-668 Manhattan Project. [] American Experience Race for the Super Bomb []


 * CHAPTER 19: The Struggle for a Second Front**, 669-686

669-674 Stop at Cairo on the way to Teheran. Look at interrelationships between FDR/Churchill and Chiang Kai-Shek. []

Stilwell, Claire Chennault, Flying Tigers [] [] [] [] []
 * China's situation**:

China Burma India Theater of World War II (Wikipedia) [] []

History Animated interactive map of the Burma Campaign http://www.pacificwaranimated.com/the-burma-campaign-burma-campaign-43

674-686 **Teheran (capital of Iran) conference**

Dispute b/n Britain & U.S: when/where Europe invaded. Soviets demanded a second front. Soviets bore brunt of land war until mid–1944. Decision was finally made on a cross-channel invasion against Europe mainland Eisenhower was named to be Supreme Commander of Allied Forces

Important. Major meeting of Allied leaders. FDR stayed at Soviet compound (it was bugged). Personal dynamics of FDR/Churchill/Stalin. Geopolitical issues: Second front, Poland, Eastern Europe, USSR help in war with Japan (would diminish China's importance to US strategy), etc. Tehran Conference (Wikipedia) [] Teheran Conference NYT [|http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1128.html#article]

BBC On This Day 1 Dec 1943 Allies united after Tehran conference http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/1/newsid_3535000/3535949.stm

Big Three in Teheran http://www.archives.gov/historical-docs/todays-doc/index.html?dod-date=1130#2010

In the following weblink, read the two paragraphs entitled "Objectives" and "Outcomes." http://www.pbs.org/behindcloseddoors/in-depth/the-conferences.html#Eureka

679 Note the quote from FDR "if the Japanese had not attacked."

683 Who is now the dominant partner in the U.S.-Great Britain alliance?


 * Ch. 19: The Struggle for a Second Front,** 686-708 [SECOND HALF OF THE CHAPTER

686-698 **Operation Overlord (D-Day, Normandy)** What determined when it would go?

Dwight D. Eisenhower (Ike) to command; what about him. Why not George Marshall?

Rommel to defend; what about him. Erwin Rommel (Wikipedia) []

What determined where Allies would land (Pas de Calais or Normandy) and how Germans would defend?

Normandy invasion overview: [] [] Bernard Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein (Wikipedia) []

699 Invasion of Southern France competed with Normandy for men/materiel resources. [] Big picture issues: Move away from "periphery" to main thrust at Berlin.

702-706 Allied air war. Details of bomber offensive.

707-708 Who will run France. FDR's views. Will effect eventually US view of French reentry to Indochina after the war.

Charles de Gaulle (Wikipedia) [] Charles de Gaulle obit NYT []


 * CHAPTER 20: The Battle for Northwest Europe**, 709-737

Americans poured into England. Aircraft carrier metaphor . 709-715 The American military buildup characterized. Descriptions of G.I.s.

716-725 Preparation for and execution of the Normandy landings.

Biggest invasion armada in world history (5,000 ships, 150,000 men). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Overlord
 * Normandy invasion=D-Day=Operation Overlord**. (June 6, 1944).

//New York Times// article on that day [|http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0606.html#article]

BBC On This Day 6 June 1944 D-Day http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/6/newsid_3499000/3499352.stm

1. BBC Special Section: D-Day and Operation Overlord Animated Map: The D-Day Landings Read the description for each of the four maps: The Atlantic Wall, Concentration of Forces, The Landings, Securing the Beachheads http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/animations/wwtwo_map_d_day/index_embed.shtml

2. Paratroopers and their equipment http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/dday/sfeature/sf_paratrooper.html

3. BBC Special Section: D-Day and Operation Overlord Animated Map: Operation Overlord Read the description for each of the seven maps: Operation Overlord, D-Day, The Slog for Normandy, A Slow Advance, The Breakout, The Falaise/Argentan Gap, The Liberation of Paris http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/launch_ani_overlord_campaign.shtml

4. LIFE magazine photo essay: D-Day http://www.life.com/gallery/24691#index/0

724 **Bocage** as terrain obstacle: hedgerows Go to this link on Google Images: http://bit.ly/fgAG2M

726-728 **Cobra I** Breakout from the Normandy pocket. Cobra I (compare to Iraq Cobra II). []

US Sherman tanks versus German Tiger tanks. [] []

728 **Attempted assassination of Hitler**

[] [] []

732 **Paris liberated** Liberation of Paris (Wikipedia) []

Great read: //Is Paris Burning?//

French Resistance (Wikipedia) []

Paris Liberated NYT [|http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0825.html#article]

BBC On This Day 25 Aug 1944 Paris is liberated http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/25/newsid_3520000/3520894.stm

733 Logistics of US armored thrust into Europe. **Red Ball Express**. []

734 Implications for Allied strategy of the tradeoff decisions between the "this" of Montgomery and the "that" of Patton. Montgomery was almost insubordinately insistent that he get all resources.

735-736 **Market Garden**

Operation Market Garden (Wikipedia) []

BBC On This Day 17 Sep 1944 Airborne invasion of Holland begins http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/17/newsid_3662000/3662264.stm

Movie: A Bridge Too Far http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0075784/

The 50 greatest World War Two movies (per a UK movie website) http://www.timeout.com/film/features/show-feature/8366/ http://www.timeout.com/film/features/show-feature/8364/ http://www.timeout.com/film/features/show-feature/8363/ http://www.timeout.com/film/features/show-feature/8362/ http://www.timeout.com/film/features/show-feature/8361/ http://www.timeout.com/film/features/show-feature/8357/
 * NEW: THURSDAY SPECIAL**


 * CHAPTER 20: The Battle for Northwest Europe**, 738-745

739-742 **Battle of the Bulge**. Analyze it from each side. A major setback for Allies but the last gasp of Germans on the Western front.

BBC On This Day 17 Dec 1944 Germany attacks in Ardennes http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/17/newsid_3515000/3515538.stm

Battle of the Bulge Surprise German attack. Ultimate Allied victory. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge

National Archives Bastogne http://www.archives.gov/historical-docs/todays-doc/index.html?dod-date=1227#2010

LIFE Photo Gallery: Battle of the Bulge http://www.life.com/gallery/36632#index/0

U.S. Army Historical Site: Battle of the Bulge http://www.army.mil/botb/

Website Spotlight: American Experience Battle of the Bulge []

1. Gallery: Battle of the Bulge Photos http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bulge/gallery/index.html Click through the 12 photos 2. Gallery: Bill Maudlin Cartoons [taken from American Experience War Letters site] http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/warletters/gallery/index.html Click through the 12 cartoons 3. Angels of Mercy: Nurses' Tales The Fifty-Sixth General: Viola Molloy Women in Combat: Grace G. Patterson "Jolly Good Sports!": Florence Heermance Wiechman Accomplishing Something Important: Esther Edwards 4. Interview with a soldier http://www.pbs.org/thewar/detail_5265.htm

742-744 **Air war**. Bombings of Berlin, Hamburg, Dresden.

Bombing of Dresden in World War II (Wikipedia) [] BBC On This Day 14 Feb 1945 Bombing of Dresden http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/14/newsid_3549000/3549905.stm

Bombing of Hamburg in World War II (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_Hamburg_in_World_War_II

US Strategic Bombing Survey (European War) []

745 Bridge at Remagen. []


 * CHAPTER 21: The Cauldron of the Home Front**, 746-775 [FIRST HALF OF LONG CHAPTER]

United States home front during World War II (Wikipedia) [] United States Office of War Information (Wikipedia) []

748-760 **Japanese-American internment**

Japanese American internment (Wikipedia) [] War Relocation Camps (TWHP) [] President Authorizes Japanese Relocation (GMU) [] Evacuation Was a Mistake Anger at Being Interned (GMU) []

Japanese-American Evacuees Celebrate New Year's Eve http://www.archives.gov/historical-docs/todays-doc/index.html?dod-date=1231

http://www.life.com/gallery/23021/wwii-internment-in-the-usa#index/0
 * LIFE magazine photo essay**: Japanese-American Internment

A More Perfect Union: Japanese Americans and the U.S. Constitution http://americanhistory.si.edu/perfectunion/experience/index.html
 * Website Spotlight: Smithsonian National Museum of American History**

Click on "Begin the Story Experience" Each of the six pictures corresponds to the six major headings listed below. Click on either the picture or the major heading to go to that section.

Here is an outline of the topics contained within each of the major headings of the exhibit. Within each topic, use the horizontal scroll bar to move through the exhibit materials. A. Immigration 1. Issei: First Generation 2. Hawaii [use horizontal scroll bar at bottom of page] 3. U.S. Mainland 4. Legalizing Racism

B. Removal 1. Crisis: Pearl Harbor 2. Constitution and the Executive Order 3. Process 4. Moving Out 5. First Stop: Assembly Centers

C. Internment 1. Permanent Camps 2. Conditions 3. Home==Barracks 4. Work 5. Community Activities 6. Arts and Culture

D. Loyalty 1. The Questionnaire 2. Segregation Camp: Tule Lake 3. Expatriation and Repatriations 4. The Draft

E. Service 1. 100th and 442nd 2. Soldier's Life 3. Military Intelligence and Translation 4. Honors and Awards 5. Ironies of Service

F. Justice 1. Post-War 2. Court Cases 3. Formal Apologies and Redress 4. Repairing the Constitution 5. Japanese Americans Today

762-776 **Racial issues**

Gunnar Myrdal's American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunnar_Myrdal
 * African Americans**

A. Philip Randolph. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph

Blacks move north/white opposition in factories. Racial clashes in cities and on military bases.

Port Chicago, California, explosion. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Chicago_disaster

770 Zoot Suit Riots (Wikipedia) []
 * Mexican-Americans**

Website Spotlight: American Experience Zoot Suit Riots [] Let's work through various sections of this great website

Zoot Suits Can be Purchased Even Today http://www.suavecito.com/

777 Bracero Program (Wikipedia) []


 * Tuskegee Airmen** (page 773)

A. In the comprehensive article in Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuskegee_Airmen

1. Note particularly the section entitled "The First Lady's Flight" 2. Rose Bowl float: from the section titled "Postwar"

"In the 2010 Rose Parade, the city of West Covina, California paid tribute to the "service and commitment of the Tuskegee Airmen" with a float, entitled "Tuskegee Airmen—A Cut Above", which featured a large bald eagle, two replica World War II "Redtail" fighter planes and historical images of some of the airmen who served. The float won the mayor's trophy as the most outstanding city entry—national or international."

Click on this link for a picture of that float: http://bit.ly/hLBS8D

B. "Tuskegee Airmen" movie http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0114745/

C. The Tuskegee Airmen were honored guests at President Obama's inauguration http://nyti.ms/gS5Uw1


 * CHAPTER 21: The Cauldron of the Home Front**, 776-797 [SECOND HALF OF A LONG CHAPTER]

776-781 Women worker issues.

[]
 * Rosie the Riveter** (Wikipedia)

LIFE magazine photo essay: Rosie the Riveter http://www.history.com/topics/rosie-the-riveter/photos#world-war-ii-posters

780 Latchkey children

782-788 Elections during wartime: Congressional ones in 1942; Presidential in 1944.

787 **GI Bill.** Note that only the universities were against it!! G.I. Bill (Wikipedia) []

789 Thomas Dewey, 1944 Republican presidential candidate; what about him.

790-793 Harry S. Truman, FDR's choice for VP running mate. What about Truman.

793-794 Issue of showing picture of dead GIs. Compare to today: should we show flag-draped coffins of Iraq and Afghanistan war dead.


 * America and the Holocaust**

794-797 Are you ok with the US approach to concentration camps?

SS St. Louis (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_St._Louis

FRONTLINE Memory of the Camps [] United States Holocaust Memorial Museum [] The Holocaust (Wikipedia) []

America and the Holocaust Holocaust http://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/Research/Digital_Documents/Holocaust/HolocaustPage.html

BBC On This Day 27 Jan 1945 Auschwitz liberated http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/27/newsid_3520000/3520986.stm

LIFE magazine photo essay: Buchenwald http://www.life.com/gallery/27312/wwii-buchenwald#index/0


 * CHAPTER 22: Endgame**, 798-851


 * YALTA CONFERENCE**

798-808 **Yalta conference**. Analyze the personalities and issues. Yalta Conference (Wikipedia) []

Soviets would control most of Eastern Europe. Germany would be divided. Soviets would fight Japan three months after German surrender

BBC On This Day 7 Feb 1945 Black Sea talks (Yalta) plan defeat of Germany http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/7/newsid_3517000/3517236.stm

From the following weblink, read the two paragraphs entitled "Objectives" and "Outcomes." http://www.pbs.org/behindcloseddoors/in-depth/the-conferences.html#Argonaut2
 * Website Spotlight: Behind Closed Doors**

806 Check out that first paragraph relating to **Jewish immigration to Palestine**.

806-807 Did the United States get a raw deal at Yalta?

808 Effect of FDR's death on the country and world.

808-809 End of WWII—in Europe. Japan is still in play.

809-814 Racial aspects of the war against Japan

814-829 Vastness of the Pacific theater.

816-818 **Battle of Saipan**. Civilians leaped to their death. []

822-829 B**attle of Leyte Gulf** http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf

History Animated **interactive map** of the Battle of Leyte Gulf http://www.pacificwaranimated.com/battle-of-leyte-gulf-islandhoppingcampaign-36

829-831 **Battle of Iwo Jima** []

U. S. Marines Storm Ashore on Iwo Island [|http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0219.html#article]

History Animated **interactive map** of the Battle of Iwo Jima http://www.pacificwaranimated.com/iwo-jima-islandhoppingcampaign-44

[]
 * Code talkers** (Wikipedia)

Code Talkers http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2001/winter/navajo-code-talkers.html

Code Talkers **virtual exhibit** from the **National Museum of the American Indian** http://www.nmai.si.edu/education/codetalkers/


 * CHAPTER 22: Endgame**, 832-851 [SECOND HALF OF LONG CHAPTER]

Bataan Death March (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataan_Death_March
 * Bataan Rescue**

This entire website is great. The movie "The Great Raid" is based on this event. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bataan/gallery/index.html
 * Website Spotlight: Bataan Rescue**

[Click through the 12 drawings in this section. Read the caption to each one.] Montana native Ben Steele was a Bataan death march survivor. He spent the next 40 months in prison camps, [click on this link] on a hell ship, and working as a slave laborer in a Japanese coal mine before his liberation at the end of the war.

http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2003/winter/hell-ships-1.html http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2003/winter/hell-ships-2.html
 * American POWs on Japanese Ships** (2 part series)

831-835 **Battle of Okinawa**. Analysis of the battle. Battle of Okinawa (Wikipedia) []

Americans Invade Okinawa NYT [|http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0401.html#article]

Ernie Pyle [] Ernie Pyle obit NYT []

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamikaze
 * Kamikaze attacks**

History Animated **interactive map** of the **Battle of Okinawa** http://www.pacificwaranimated.com/okinawa-islandhoppingcampaign-26

835-837 Japan's internal deliberations. What might be going on within some of our enemies today?

837-845 **Potsdam Conference** Analyze the issues and personalities. "Unconditional surrender" approach: helpful or not.

[]

845-851 Bombing of Japanese cities. Curtis LeMay [] Bombing of Tokyo (Wikipedia) []

Japanese surrender; "bitter-enders" (thank you to Donald Rumsfeld) almost kept Emperor's message off the air waves. Factors involved in the decision to drop the atomic bombs on Japan: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pacific/sfeature/sf_poll.html
 * Atomic bombs**

Hiroshima Photo Essay http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2009/08/hiroshima_64_years_ago.html

http://www.economist.com/obituary/displaystory.cfm?story_id=15268228 http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/07/world/asia/07yamaguchi.html?hp
 * Japanese survivor of both atom bombs**


 * EPILOGUE: The World the War Made**, 852-858

Work through these few pages.

What occurred in each country?

Note particularly the effects of the moves by Germany and Japan to shake loose various nations from colonialism.

Note some of the particularly wonderful sentence structures.


 * BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY**: 859-871

This is what you should look for when you are doing a big term paper, like Senior Seminar. Such a wonderful essay is a real time-saver to point you to the sources with which to begin your research.