Nicaragua

NICARAGUA

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Rubén Darío's Nicaragua https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/27/travel/nicaragua-dario-poet.html?_r=0

Nicaragua & Samoza Regime 1970's From CNN Cold War video http://youtu.be/7vi00fhOKLE

Video: Nicaragua (9:01) Use this for quick intro http://youtu.be/M8Ihf9w_KCU

The CIA in Central America: Nicaragua http://youtu.be/yRA7jXuFgn4

National Guard (Nicaragua) https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Guard_(Nicaragua)

Nicaragua history https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Nicaragua

Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal (Nicaragua) https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Joaqu%C3%ADn_Chamorro_Cardenal

Chamorro, Prize-Winning Editor Is Shot Dead In Nicaragua http://www.nytimes.com/1978/01/11/archives/prizewinning-editor-is-shot-dead-in-nicaragua-he-opposed-somoza.html

Exit Somoza, Enter the Sandinistas - ADST Interview with Lawrence Pezzullo put with his obituary beloe http://adst.org/2015/04/exit-somoza-enter-the-sandinistas/

Anastasio Somoza García (father) put dates https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastasio_Somoza_Garc%C3%ADa

Luis Somoza Debayle (eldest son) https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Somoza_Debayle

Anastasio Somoza Debayle (second son; overthrown by Sandinistas) https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastasio_Somoza_Debayle

Lawrence Pezzullo, Broker of Somoza’s Abdication in Nicaragua, Dies at 91 https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/01/world/americas/lawrence-pezzullo-dead-ex-ambassador-in-nicaragua.html

Daniel Ortega (Nicaragua) https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega

United States occupation of Nicaragua (1912-1933) put earlier https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Nicaragua

Roberto Clemente Died in 1972 while taking earthquake relief supplies to Nicaragua. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Clemente

1972 Nicaragua earthquake Somoza embezzled aid funds https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Nicaragua_earthquake

Iran-Contra affair put this last, then the article on Russia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Contra_affair

U.S supported those fighting against (contra) the communists in Nicaragua.

After Vietnam and Watergate, Congress anxious to oversee foreign policy

Congress ordered Reagan not to continue support of Contras

Reagan endorses CIA support of Nicaraguan Contras http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/November/Reagan-Endorses-CIA-Support- of-Nicaraguan-Contras.html

Iran-Control scandal breaks http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/November/Iran-Contra-Scandal-Breaks-in-a- Lebanese-Magazine.html

Iran-Contra Affair: Nicaragua Timeline https://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/timeline-nicaragua.php

Iran-Contra Affair: Sandinistas https://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/n-sandinistas.php

Contras https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contras

Iran-Contra Affair: Contras https://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/n-contras.php

Iran-Contra Affair: US support for the Contras https://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/n-contrasus.php

1982 Boland Amendment https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boland_Amendment

Nicaraguan revolution https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaraguan_Revolution

Augusto César Sandino put earlier with father and National Guard https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusto_C%C3%A9sar_Sandino

Sandinista National Liberacion Front put with Daniel Ortega https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front

The Soviet Union fought the Cold War in Nicaragua. Now Putin’s Russia is back. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/the-soviet-union-fought-the-cold-war-in-nicaragua-now-putins-russia-is-back/2017/04/08/

Operation Charly (Argentine method used in Central America) Nicaragua https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Charly

Central America and Nicaragua maps [] []

President Jimmy Carter's approach to Nicaragua https://history.state.gov/milestones/1977-1980/central-america-carter

President Ronald Reagan's approach to Nicaragua https://history.state.gov/milestones/1981-1988/central-america

Confessions of a 'Contra' | The New Republic http://www.newrepublic.com/article/confessions-contra

Adolfo Calero, Contra Leader in Nicaragua, Is Dead at 80 http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/04/world/americas/adolfo-calero-contra-leader-in-nicaragua-is-dead-at-80.html

In Central America, Reagan Remains A Polarizing Figure Page 1 [] Page 2 []

1912-25 - US establishes military bases.

1927-33 - Guerrillas led by Augusto Cesar Sandino campaign against US military presence.

1934 - Sandino killed on the orders of the National Guard commander, General Anastasio Somoza

Somoza family dictatorship [US relations with dictators]

1937 - General Somoza elected president, heralding the start of a 44-year-long dictatorship by his family.

1961 - Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) founded [named for Augusto Sandino]

Revolution turns sour. Sandanista's got rid of a dictatorship - but civil war ensued.

The US supported the Contra rebels while the Soviet Union backed the FSLN government of Daniel Ortega.

Daniel Ortega http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-15544315

Nicaragua's broken dreams http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3856843.stm

CIA activities in Nicaragua https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA_activities_in_Nicaragua

https://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/index.php
 * Iran-contra: Home**

Overview (26 page PDF) https://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/overview.pdf

Background on Nicaragua https://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/n-background.php

Hearings timeline https://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/timeline-hearings.php

Hearings video gallery https://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/h-gallery.php

Enduring issues https://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/enduringissues.php

Documents https://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/documents.php

People profiles https://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/profiles.php

Poindexter profile https://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/profile-poindexter.php

Oliver North profile https://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/profile-north.php