WWII--condensed


 * WWII--condensed**

Items to consider for next time I teach this module:


 * Opposition to the New Deal**

a) Conservative critics. Republicans did not like government control of the economy.

b) Liberal critics:

1) Father Charles Coughlin. http://bit.ly/VJkzSH

Catholic priest from Detroit Weekly radio sermons (30 million audience) Criticized the New Deal Proposed a National Union for Social Justice to counter the New Deal. Anti-Semite: depression caused by international Jewish bankers. Expressed support for Hitler's approach to running Germany.

2) Dr. Francis E. Townsend [|http://] [|bit.ly/1349pJX]

Proposed an Old Age Revolving Pensions plan Every person over age 60 would get a $200 per month pension. His plan would cost 50% of national income to help 7% of population.

3) Huey Long. [|http://] [|bit.ly/Y9Dh21]

Former Governor of and Democratic Senator from Louisiana. Proposed a Share Our Wealth Society Tax rich people heavily Furnish each family an annual income of $2,500 Assassinated in 1935


 * Social Security Act**

FICA deduction today. Designed to prevent more radical alternatives (Townsend and Long) Workers required to pay into it Answer to critics of "relief" Worker's payment matched by employer


 * Works Progress Administration (WPA)**

WPA Projects [|http://] [|bit.ly/11UVNRY]

WPA Posters [|http://] [|bit.ly/UHsLRB]

Emphasized underconsumption. Massive public works programs for the jobless Home relief (the dole) versus work relief.

Employed 3 million men as manual laborers: roads, hospitals, bridges. Employed educated persons: Federal Art, Writers', Theater Projects Criticized by conservatives as make-work


 * Presidential Election of 1936**

FDR won a second term easily


 * Supreme Court**: FDR attempt at "**Court Packing**"

Court Packing (Finding Dulcinea) []

Court declared AAA and NIRA unconstitutional on 5-4 votes. FDR wanted to appoint pro–New Deal justices Proposed six new ones (one for every member over age 70). Congress (both parties) opposed the plan Felt he was overreaching and looking like a dictator.

Issue became moot: a swing justice changed his voting pattern. The so-called "switch in time that saved nine"

Soon thereafter, several older justices retired.


 * Presidential Election of 1940**

War had started in Europe on 1 September 1939 when Hitler invaded Poland.

FDR won historic third term.


 * New Deal assessed**

New Deal failed in its fundamental purpose: to put people back to work and end the depression.

Depression only ended due to World War II.

But New Deal gave Americans back their psychological will to overcome.

In the past, federal government had served as an economic regulator. During New Deal, it became an economic guarantor and stimulator as well.

Congressional Republicans are currently trying to limit the size of government, much of which began with the New Deal.


 * World War Two**


 * 1931**

Japan became a major threat to U.S. goals in Asia:

Standard Map: Pacific Theater http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/1483/1518969/DIVI578.jpg

(1) Japan's "New Order" in Asia

Wanted a sphere of influence in Asia Similar to United States in Latin America U.S. unwilling to permit such Japanese influence. United States had major interests at stake in Asia: Philippines and various Pacific islands Religious missions Trade and investments Open Door in China.

(2) Japanese seized Manchuria (1931)

American response: Stimson Doctrine of nonrecognition Mere moral lecture U.S. had neither the means nor will to use military force.


 * 1933**

U.S. recognized Soviet Union. To increase trade. To halt Japanese expansion. []

Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany (1/30) Franklin Roosevelt became President of the United States (3/4)


 * 1934**

Movietone Review of 1934 http://youtu.be/7iNCwsGkE1E


 * 1935**

AP Archive Review Of The Year 1935 (1935) http://youtu.be/sSJkEKrqDGQ

U.S. Neutrality Acts. Neutrality Acts an expression of isolationist sentiment.

Congress sought to protect the nation by outlawing the kinds of contacts that had compromised U.S. neutrality during World War I.


 * 1936**

Germany reoccupied the Rhineland (3/7)

Review Of The Year 1936 (1936) http://youtu.be/NnAq27f9T0w http://youtu.be/ZskuqbGK7ZM

universal | Universal Review 1936 | AP Archive http://www.aparchive.com/compilationsclipreel/41868/19620/universal

Expansion in Europe by Germany, 1930s []

1936 Summer Olympics held in Berlin (August) Jesse Owens. American Experience. WGBH | PBS []


 * Civil war in Spain**. (**1936-1939**)

Spanish Civil War (History.com) http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/spanish-civil-war-breaks-out http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/spanish-civil-war-ends

Spanish Civil War (Today in History, Library of Congress) http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jul17.html

Democratic (left-wing) Spanish government supported by Soviet Union and international mercenaries. Abraham Lincoln brigade from America.

General Franco (right-wing) supported by Germany and Italy (fascists).

Britain, France, and U.S. looked the other way. U. S. arms embargo. Franco eventually won.

Bombing of Guernica BBC News - Picasso's Guernica in a car showroom []

Civil War legacy divides Spain http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/5192228.stm


 * 1937**

Beginning of World War II in Asia.

Marco Polo Bridge Incident (Wikipedia) []

Japanese invasion of mainland China (7/7) China then was a U.S. ally. Chang Kai–Shek, and Chinese communists under Mao Zedung, will both fight against the Japanese invaders. Chiang Kai-shek (Wikipedia) [] http://www.findingdulcinea.com/features/profiles/c/madame-chiang-kai-shek.html

1937 Movietone Review of the Year http://youtu.be/FmnJYgrRAY0


 * 1938**

Expansion in Europe by Germany, 1930s []

1. German invasion and annexation of Austria (12 March 1938)

2. Munich agreement (Chamberlain/Hitler) (15 September 1938). Czech Sudetenland to Germany.

The Munich Agreement Signed - 1938 http://youtu.be/FuyMD8DoKfE

In defense of Neville Chamberlain, hindsight’s most battered punching bag https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/07/20/in-defense-of-neville-chamberlain-hindsights-most-battered-punching-bag/

In Elizabeth II’s childhood Nazi salute, an unsettling reminder of how we misread Hitler http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/07/20/in-elizabeth-iis-childhood-nazi-salute-an-unsettling-reminder-of-how-we-misread-hitler/?tid=hpModule_9d3add6c-8a79-11e2-98d9-3012c1cd8d1e

3. Appeasement issue

Appeasement (Ariana Grande "One Last Time" Parody) http://youtu.be/l1Zymw3BpEU

1938 Movietone Review of the Year http://youtu.be/mQ8QCIKQUgo


 * 1939**

1. Germany occupied remainder of Czechoslovakia (March)

2. German-Russian Non-Aggression Pact (8/23). The odd couple: fascists and communists. Agreed not to attack each other.

3. German invasion of Poland (1 September 1939). Beginning of World War II in Europe

Nazi Germany Invades Poland, Starting World War II (On This Day, Finding Dulcinea) []

4. U.S. declared neutrality (5 September 1939). U.S. still trying to stay out of war

Legislating Neutrality, 1934-1939 (EDSITEment) [|http://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plan/legislating-neutrality-1934-1939#sect-background]

1939 Movietone Review of the Year http://youtu.be/G85e2IU2Ky0


 * 1940**

Movietone News - 1940s http://youtu.be/9XThejFE8tI

1940 Movietone Review of the Year http://youtu.be/OgIRcNjtmqQ

1. German blitzkrieg (lightning warfare) [today we call it "shock and awe"]

Blitzkrieg: Germany's Lightning War (BBC) []

2. Germans invade Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium

3. Dunkirk: British and French evacuated from beach (6/4)

Dunkirk (BBC) []

Video: Dunkirk and Evacuation Scenes - 1940 http://youtu.be/ca1fxvenX0E

4. France conquered (6/5-6/25)

14 June 1940 German troops enter Paris (BBC On This Day) []


 * Vichy France**

Casablanca film review http://www.filmsite.org/casa.html

Film clips from Casablanca:

Play it again, Sam http://youtu.be/7vThuwa5RZU

Here's looking at you, kid http://youtu.be/rEWaqUVac3M

La Marseillaise http://youtu.be/KTsg9i6lvqU


 * Digression:**


 * Hitler's conquests and attacks in Europe made French, Dutch, and British colonies in Asia vulnerable to Japanese attack.**


 * Japan had been at war in China since 1937.**


 * Japan will not attack Pearl Harbor until December 1941.**

5. **Blitz** and **Battle of Britain**: Britain attacked by air (June-December 1940). "Blitz." Prelude to expected German invasion.

London's Biggest Blitz - 1941 http://youtu.be/DcnV-3KAcuk

When the UK was bombed nightly for eight months in a row http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-33314462

10 May 1940 Churchill takes helm as Germans advance (BBC On This Day) []

7 September 1940 London Blitzed by German Bombers (BBC On This Day) []

"Eagle Day" Attack Marks Beginning of the Battle of Britain (On This Day, Finding Dulcinea) []

6. US needs to help Britain hang on against possible Nazi invasion.


 * Who is on which side during World War II?**

A. One Team: The Good Guys

United States: Franklin D.Roosevelt Great Britain: Winston Churchill Soviet Union: Josef Stalin France: Charles DeGaulle China: Chang Kai–Shek

B. Other Team: The Bad Guys

Germany: Adolf Hitler Italy: Benito Mussolini Japan: General Hideki Tojo; Emperor Hirohito


 * 1941**

1941 Movietone Review of the Year http://youtu.be/OGOV3Hw0F0s


 * Lend–Lease Act**

U.S. became the "arsenal of democracy" by lending and leasing American military goods to those fighting against the Axis powers.

American unemployment dropped as our industries geared up to produce war material.

+++America on the Sidelines (Neutrality interactive) http://teachingamericanhistory.org/static/neh/interactives/neutrality/

Congress, Neutrality, and Lend-Lease https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/treasures_of_congress/page_20.html

Great Debate between internationalists and isolationists (EDSITEment) []

The Dawes Plan, the Young Plan, German Reparations, and Inter-allied War Debts https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/dawes

The United States’ experience with inter-allied war debts continued to influence its foreign policy for years to come; this influence is evident in the Johnson Act in 1934, the Neutrality Acts of the 1930s, and the Lend-Lease program in the Second World War.

Google search example: Movietone News YouTube [Lend Lease Act, Neutrality Act]

Neutrality Act signed (:29) Cash-and-Carry http://youtu.be/UukhOSH-kAI

FDR and the Lend Lease Act http://youtu.be/FTk_v7L4wro


 * Battle of the Atlantic**

The Battle of the Atlantic (BBC) []

Battle of the Atlantic Interactive (BBC) []


 * Germany invaded Soviet Union**

(6/22). Major mistake.

22 Jun 1941: Hitler invades the Soviet Union (BBC News On This Day) []


 * Japan attacked Pearl Harbor (7 December 1941)**

Why Did The Japanese Bomb Pearl Harbor? - @MrBettsClass http://youtu.be/HlF_TQeccRw

How Pearl Harbor changed Japanese-Americans http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38362504

The Growth of U.S.-Japanese Hostility, 1915-1932 (EDSITEment) http://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plan/growth-us-japanese-hostility-1915-1932#sect-background

The Road to Pearl Harbor (EDSITEment) [|http://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plan/growth-us-japanese-hostility-1915-1932#sect-background]

Photos: The 70th Anniversary of Pearl Harbor | Plog The Denver Post []

Video: WWII: U.S. Declares War on Japan - 1941 | Today in History | 8 Dec http://youtu.be/3Wh4ikl-UzE


 * American Home Front**

What America looked like in the 1940s…in color https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/in-sight/wp/2016/08/22/seldom-seen-photos-show-what-america-looked-like-in-the-1940s-in-color/?utm_term=.0f329c276225

Powers of Persuasion: Poster Art from WWII http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/powers_of_persuasion/powers_of_persuasion_home.html

Analyzing WWII Propaganda Posters http://www.nationalww2museum.org/learn/education/for-teachers/lesson-plans/ww2-propaganda-posters.html

National World War II Museum: Rationing http://www.nationalww2museum.org/learn/education/for-students/national-history-day/rationing-sample-topic.html

On the Ration | British Pathé 1939 http://youtu.be/0438BC3t2dc

Light! More light! - Herblock's History: Political Cartoons from the Crash to the Millennium https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/herblocks-history/light.html

Private Snafu: The World War II Propaganda Cartoons Created by Dr. Seuss, Frank Capra & Mel Blanc | Open Culture http://www.openculture.com/2014/02/private-snafu.html


 * Japanese initial victories**:

Philippines, Malaya, Thailand, Hong Kong.

War between China and Japan going on simultaneously.


 * 1942**

Animated Map []
 * Doolittle raid on Tokyo** (4/18)

Survivor of the Doolittle Raid bio http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/31/us/robert-l-hite-survivor-of-doolittle-raid-and-japanese-imprisonment-dies-at-95.html


 * Japanese-American internment**

Manzanar Historic site virtual museum http://www.nps.gov/museum/exhibits/manz/index.html


 * Battle of Midway (June 1942)**

U.S. wins. Turning point in Pacific war

7 Jun 1942 Japanese beaten in Battle of Midway (BBC On This Day) []


 * 1943**

1943 Movietone Review of the Year http://youtu.be/Nm1-PV4gQG8


 * Stalingrad**

2 Feb 1943 Germans surrender at Stalingrad (BBC On This Day) []

Churchill To Congress - 1943 | Today in History | 19 May https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXBG45bG51o&feature=youtu.be
 * Churchill speaks to Congress** (19 May 1943)


 * Teheran [Iran] Conference** (December 1943)

Dispute b/n Britain & U.S: when/where Europe invaded. Soviets demanded a second front. Soviets bore brunt of land war until mid–1944. Decision was finally made on a cross-channel invasion against Europe mainland Eisenhower was named to be Supreme Commander of Allied Forces

WWII: Tehran Conference - 1943 | Today in History | 28 Nov 16 http://youtu.be/QwvuGUqsXwo

1 Dec 1943 Allies united after Tehran conference (BBC On This Day) []


 * 1944**

Biggest invasion armada in world history (5,000 ships, 150,000 men).
 * D-Day==Normandy invasion==Operation Overlord==6 June 1944**

D-Day in color, Photographs from the Normandy invasion http://blogs.denverpost.com/captured/2014/06/05/color-photos-d-day-world-war-ii/7043/

1. BBC Special Section: D-Day and Operation Overlord Animated Map: The D-Day Landings Read the description for each of the four maps: The Atlantic Wall, Concentration of Forces, The Landings, Securing the Beachheads []

2. Paratroopers and their equipment []

U.S. Paratrooper Joseph Beyrle fought for both U.S. and Soviets. []


 * Liberation of Paris** (August)

Paris through a Nazi lens http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2417335/Paris-Nazi-lens-Propaganda-images-occupied-French-capital-citizens-thriving-German-rule.html

'Vive Paris' - the Liberation of Paris in 1944 [this is good] http://youtu.be/3KrmAwx0XHc

On This Day: Paris Liberated from German Occupation [Is Paris Burning?] []


 * Operation Market Garden**

17 September 1944 Airborne invasion of Holland begins (BBC On This Day) []

The Battle of Arnhem (Operation Market Garden) (BBC) []


 * Battle of the Bulge**.

The Battle of the Bulge (BBC) []

Battle of the Bulge begins: Today in History newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXShqI1vGCw&feature=youtu.be

Battle of the Bulge https://youtu.be/lxN72fx-cJk

17 Dec 1944 Germany attacks in Ardennes (BBC On This Day) []

[|Generals at War - Battle of the Bulge - YouTube]


 * 1945**

[] [Click through the 12 drawings in this section. Read the caption to each one.]
 * Bataan Rescue** (January) [movie: The Great Raid]


 * Yalta Conference** (February)

Yalta Conference (BBC On This Day) [] [|Churchill, Stalin and Roosevelt meet in Yalta - YouTube]

Soviets would control most of Eastern Europe. Germany would be divided. Soviets would fight Japan three months after German surrender


 * Iwo Jima** (February-March)

23 Feb 1945: US flag raised over Iwo Jima (BBC On This Day) [| http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/23/newsid_3564000/3564547.stm]


 * Okinawa** (April)

Attacks by 3,000 kamikaze planes on U.S. fleet. []

21 Jun 1945: US troops take Okinawa (BBC On This Day) [| http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/21/newsid_3564000/3564489.stm]


 * Victory in Europe**

FDR died (12 April 1945) Hitler killed himself (30 April 1945)

Germany surrendered (7 May)


 * US Treatment of Jewish Refugees**

A ship full of refugees fleeing the Nazis once begged the U.S. for entry. They were turned back. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2017/01/29/a-ship-full-of-refugees-fleeing-the-nazis-once-begged-the-u-s-for-entry-they-were-turned-back/?utm_term=.cc4b227c6052


 * Victory against Japan**

Factors involved in the decision to drop the atomic bombs on Japan:

1. Fear that the Soviet Union would soon enter the war against Japan 2. Concern that a land war in Japan would result in massive American casualties

Chronology:

1. First atomic bomb: Hiroshima (6 August 1945) 6 Aug 1945: US drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima (BBC On This Day) []

Obama's visit raises ghosts of Hiroshima http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/11/world/asia/hiroshima-atomic-bomb.html?_r=1

How John Hersey's Hiroshima revealed the horror of the bomb http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-37131894

2. Soviets entered war in Pacific with 1.5 million troops (8 August 1945)

3. Second atomic bomb: Nagasaki (9 August 1945) 9 August 1945 U.S. drops atomic bomb on Nagasaki (BBC On This Day) []

Japanese survivor of both bombs [] []

4. Japanese surrendered (2 September 1945) Emperor allowed to keep his throne Allied Supreme Commander Douglas MacArthur would rule Japan.


 * Death Toll of World War II**

World–wide: 55 million United States: 405,000 Soviet Union: 21 million (one–ninth of Soviet population).


 * Postwar position of the U.S.**

We suffered little damage to our own land. We emerged as the world leader