HIST+151+Today+TR+S18


 * THURSDAY, 26 APRIL 2018**


 * Mood music** for the time period we are studying:

Civil War http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/Music%20Civil%20War

http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/Friday+Songs
 * Friday songs on Thursday** (1 more week and we'll be through)


 * I. Prayer/Attendance**

The following Bible verse expresses what I hope to be for you, my dear students:

The Lord is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and rich in love. [Psalm 145:8 NIV]


 * II. IDEA evaluations**

It is still available online.


 * III. Exam #4: Tuesday, 1 May, from 9:35-11:25**

Same format as the other exams.

Study guide is available on the following wiki page: http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/HIST%20151%20Exam%204%20S18


 * IV. In class today: reaction to homework**

Religion in the South during the Civil War (National Humanities Center) []


 * V. In class today: new material**

Map of the Civil War, 1863-1865 []


 * Battle of Fredericksburg** **(December 1862)**

Union lost big.

Made 14 charges against well–entrenched Confederates.

Video: Battle of Fredericksburg (2:26) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NmHoenp__bI&feature=youtu.be


 * Battle of Chancellorsville** **(May 1863)**

Confederates won battle.

But lost their great general, Stonewall Jackson, who was killed by friendly fire.

Video: Battle of Chancellorsville (2:27) https://youtu.be/ZiNrKKf-cTg

Stonewall Jackson Shot by His Own Men at Chancellorsville []


 * Vicksburg** **(July 1863)**

Union victory. Union gained complete control of Mississippi River. Western part of Confederacy cut off.

Video: Siege of Vicksburg (1:03) https://youtu.be/GWPU0erRZuA


 * Gettysburg** **(July 1863)**

Second time South invaded North. Union victory. "High tide" of Confederacy. Pickett's charge Turning point of the war for the South.

Video: Gettysburg: General Lee & General Meade comparison (1:00) http://youtu.be/TJeCqT7x8VY

Video: Gettysburg: Pickett's charge (3:06) https://youtu.be/JkOxlXy34As

Video: Canister shot (1:03) Use with Pickett's charge https://youtu.be/uFxxY28gnLE

Ist day: Union took the high ground; Jeb Stuart's cavalry arrived too late.

2nd day: Rebels tried to take Big and Little Round Tops but Union held.

3rd day: **Pickett's hopeless charge** against the middle of Union lines.

Battle of Gettysburg Begins (Finding Dulcinea, On This Day) http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/July-August-08/On-this-Day--Battle-of-Gettysburg-Begins-.html


 * Gettysburg Address**

President Lincoln Delivers Gettysburg Address (Finding Dulcinea, On This Day) http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/November/President-Lincoln-Delivers-Gettysburg-Address.html

Video: Gettysburg Address (start at 6:49) http://abrahamlincolnlives.com/


 * Battle of Atlanta** **(July 1864)**

Union victory.

Ensured Lincoln's reelection.in 1864

1864 Election (Harper's Week) http://elections.harpweek.com/1864/Overview-1864-1.htm

Video: 1864 Lincoln's re-election and General Sherman (1:48) http://youtu.be/JIRDB6uvH7k

Video: Total War: William T. Sherman and Atlanta (4:15) http://youtu.be/Fi7nNhukn-4


 * Sherman's March through Georgia (March to the sea) (November-December 1864)**

Union victory Sherman operated in deep South Across Georgia: Atlanta to Savannah Destroyed everything in a path 50 miles wide, 200 miles long

Video: Sherman's march to the sea (2:08) http://youtu.be/bweacw46ZL0

Map of Sherman's March http://www.pbs.org/kenburns/civil-war/war/maps/#/detail/shermans-savannah-carolinas-campaign

Sherman's March to the Sea (Eyewitness to History) http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/sherman.htm

Marching through Georgia Lyrics [] Music: Tennessee Ernie Ford []


 * Appomattox** **(9 April 1865)**

Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant

Video: Surrender at Appomattox (2:42) https://youtu.be/PhgluxxURMA

Video: When Johnny comes marching home []


 * Lincoln assassination: 14 April 1865**

Video: Assassination of Lincoln: A Memestory (Mr. Betts) []


 * Legacy of the Civil War**

Total deaths 620,000===(360,000 North; 260,000 South)

The vacant chair: Kathy Mattea []

Four million slaves in the South were free. What to do about them?


 * Reconstruction (1865-1877)**


 * Place of ex-slaves in southern society**

Four million slaves in the South were free. What to do about them?

The civil rights movement led by Martin Luther King, Jr., has been called the Second Reconstruction.

Consider also the powerful feelings that arise even today over the issue of affirmative action.

Video: Reconstruction (2:36) https://youtu.be/MxCYrJiKMco


 * Reconstruction Plans:**


 * How to bring the Southern states back into America**

Post World War II comparison: former Nazi leaders

Prodigal son comparison [Luke 15:11-32 NIV] []


 * Presidential Reconstruction Plan**

a. **Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan**

Lincoln was assassinated (April 1865) before he got to do much.

His Vice President was Andrew Johnson.

Andrew Johnson took over From Tennessee Former slave owner himself

Video: Andrew Johnson (60-Second Presidents) (PBS) https://youtu.be/H11SE9M2oMY


 * b. President Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction Plan**

Northerners hoped he would remove Old South leaders from power Through most of 1865, Johnson alone controlled Reconstruction policy Congress recessed shortly before he became President (April) Congress did not meet again until December 1865 Congress angered at lenient presidential Reconstruction policy

Video: Presidential Reconstruction of the South (2:04) https://youtu.be/2IO4VDGVf00


 * Congress attempted (unsuccessfully) to impeach Johnson**

Video:Andrew Johnson's "Under Pressure" (Queen Parody) (Mr. Betts Class) https://youtu.be/0VMg9C1zGuY

Impeachment of Andrew Johnson (Harper's Week) []


 * Congressional reconstruction plan**

Congress believed it had constitutional role in Reconstruction Congress controlled by Republican party Congressional Republicans wanted the Southern states that came back into the Union to be Republican

Radical Republicans (former abolitionists) wanted to go farther than most They wanted to transform southern society (sort of like the issue today of "nation building")

They also wanted to keep out Southern states until this transformation.


 * Election of 1876/Compromise of 1877**

On This Day: Rutherford B. Hayes Named Winner Over Samuel Tilden in 1876 Presidential Election []

Video: Compromise of 1877 (2:45) https://youtu.be/tQgsUtU0THA

This so-called Compromise of 1877 effectively ended Reconstruction


 * TUESDAY, 24 APRIL 2018**


 * Mood music** for the time period we are studying

Civil War http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/Music%20Civil%20War


 * I. Prayer/Attendance**

The following Bible verse expresses what I hope to be for you, my dear students:

The Lord is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and rich in love. [Psalm 145:8 NIV]


 * II. IDEA evaluations**

It has been available online.

For those who have not yet done the evaluation, let's devote a few minutes at the end of class to it.


 * III. Exam #4: Tuesday, 1 May, from 9:35-11:25**

Same format as the other exams.

Study guide is available on the following wiki page: http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/HIST%20151%20Exam%204%20S18


 * IV. Homework for Thursday, 26 April 2018**

Religion in the South during the Civil War (National Humanities Center) []


 * V. In class today: reaction to homework**

Was God on the side of the North? Religion in the North during the Civil War (National Humanities Center) []


 * VI. In class today: new material**


 * [I left this out earlier:]**


 * Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858**

Video: Lincoln-Douglas debates (Sound Smart) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LljCzkPasuk&feature=youtu.be

Lincoln-Douglass Debates Who: Abraham Lincoln, challenger, Republican Free Soil, slavery should not be permitted in territories Slavery a moral evil

Who: Stephen Douglass, incumbent US Senator from Illinois, Democrat Popular sovereignty should decide Did not declare slavery a moral evil

What: 7 debates within Illinois When: 1858 US Senatorial election Where: Illinois Why: How to deal with the possible spread of slavery How: First speaker one hour; rebuttal hour and a half; first speaker half hour Result: Douglass was re-elected to the US Senate

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates Begin (Finding Dulcinea, On This Day) http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/July-August-08/On-this-Day--The-Lincoln-Douglas-Debates-Begin.html


 * Back to the Civil War**

[]
 * Union military strategy**

Anaconda plan:

a. Advance along the Mississippi b. Pressure on Richmond and Virginia c. Union naval blockade

[]
 * Confederate military strategy**

Offensive defensive:

a. Attack when possible b. Mostly play defense c. Use interior lines of transportation d. Concentrate its forces at crucial points of Union attack


 * Union diplomatic strategy:**

Lincoln tried hard to prevent Britain and France from aiding the Confederacy

Video: Threat of foreign intervention in Civil War (1:48) http://youtu.be/ZKtjpmz3zjA


 * Trent Affair (November 1861)**

A Union ship stopped the British ship Trent at sea The Union navy took off two Confederate diplomats: James Mason and John Slidell.

Britain protested.

Eventually, the North released the two men.

Video: Trent Affair (1:04) http://youtu.be/w6_WtS_7b6k

Trent Affair (Historian of the State Department) https://history.state.gov/milestones/1861-1865/trent-affair


 * Confederate diplomatic strategy**

"King Cotton" diplomacy

Hoped that Britain and France would aid South to get southern cotton It did not happen Both countries developed other supply sources


 * Military Life**

a. Soldiers had to deal with mass violence, live on little food and sleep, and endure all kinds of weather.

b. Rifle and the minie ball. Straight–ahead charges were stupid in light of the more effective killing range of the rifle and the power of the minie ball.

Civil War camp life http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/14/notes-on-civil-war-camp/?_r=0

Song: Just before the battle, mother https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fBHkKsxpduY&feature=youtu.be


 * Women in the Civil War**

Video: Women in the Civil War (Sound Smart) http://youtu.be/BYCF8ALSYZw

Video: Women in the Civil War (3:04) https://youtu.be/akuhz9uHxqk

Women soldiers in the Civil War (National Archives magazine) http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1993/spring/women-in-the-civil-war-3.html


 * Black Union soldiers**

Racism in the Union army was strong. Black soldiers in the Union army (120,000) fought for acceptance from their white comrades

Video: African-Americans in the Union Army (1:16) http://youtu.be/OCaK8M2Tb2g


 * Religion in the Civil War**

A. Was God on the side of the North? Religion in the North during the Civil War (National Humanities Center) []

1. the special place of America in world history 2. a Northern victory as a prelude to the millennium 3. the issue of slavery.

B. Was God mad at the South because of slavery? Religion in the South during the Civil War (National Humanities Center) []

South believed it was more religious and God-fearing than the North. Role of Stonewall Jackson as a pious example


 * Emancipation of the slaves**

a. Lincoln's approach

Hoped to achieve a peace treaty compromise with the South Tried to balance conflicting parts of his Republican party coalition Radical Republicans wanted immediate emancipation Others (especially border slave states) did not Set his priority to preserve the Union, not end slavery But needed to keep Britain and France from aiding the Confederacy

The Civil War and emancipation (Africans in America) []

b. Jefferson Davis's approach

Preserving Confederate independence was the key Would free the slaves if it preserved Confederate independence An effort was made to emancipate: too little, too late


 * Major Battles of the Civil War**

Map of the Civil War, 1861-1862 []

Map of the Civil War, 1863-1865 []


 * Bull Run (July 1861)**

South won. "Stonewall" Jackson got his nickname.

Stonewall Jackson profile http://www.findingdulcinea.com/features/profiles/j/thomas--stonewall--jackson.html

Video: Battle of Bull Run (Johnny Horton) []


 * Shiloh (April 1862)**

Union barely won. Large casualties revealed the horrible nature of modern warfare.

Video: Battle of Shiloh (2:24) https://youtu.be/svX2HkI3vh8


 * Antietam (September 1862)**

Battle a draw. First time South invaded North. Antietam and Gettysburg the only major battles outside the South.

Video: Confederates invade western Maryland (2:06) https://youtu.be/WdZ2CU6wYDk

Video: George McClellan's failure to act at Antietam (2:04) Tie to McClellan song http://youtu.be/F-e4Qj6tMLc

Marching Along (97th regimental string band) [Use with General McClellan} http://youtu.be/yMboh9eFGIU


 * THURSDAY, 19 APRIL 2018**


 * Mood music** for the time period we are studying

Civil War http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/Music%20Civil%20War

http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/Friday+Songs
 * Friday songs on Thursday** (2 more weeks and we'll be through)


 * I. Prayer/Attendance**

The following Bible verse expresses what I hope to be for you, my dear students:

The Lord is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and rich in love. [Psalm 145:8 NIV]


 * II. IDEA evaluations**

They are available on line.


 * III. Exam #4: Tuesday, 1 May, from 9:35-11:25**

Same format as the other exams.

Study guide is available (I will continue to refine it) on the following wiki page: http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/HIST%20151%20Exam%204%20S18


 * IV. Homework for Tuesday, 24 April 2018**

Was God on the side of the North? Religion in the North during the Civil War (National Humanities Center) []


 * V. In class today: reaction to homework**

Supreme Court Rules Against Dred Scott (Finding Dulcinea, On This Day) http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/March/Supreme-Court-Rules-Against-Dred-Scott.html

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates Begin (Finding Dulcinea, On This Day) http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/July-August-08/On-this-Day--The-Lincoln-Douglas-Debates-Begin.html


 * VI. In class today: new material**


 * Republican party** (1854)

New party—not connected to the earlier Jeffersonian Republican party. Formed in reaction to the Kansas–Nebraska Act. A purely sectional third party based in the North. Dedicated to keeping slavery out of the territories.

Video: Origin of the Republican Party http://youtu.be/nvbygAr_aTA


 * Sumner–Brooks incident** **(1856)**

Sen. Charles Sumner (Mass.) an abolitionist His antislavery remarks an insult to Rep. Preston Brooks (S.C.) Brooks beat Sumner with a cane—in Senate chamber

South seemed to condone violence to have its way South sent Brooks more canes Northerners shocked at this southern assault on free speech

Video: Caning of Charles Sumner (1:08) http://youtu.be/ESAszDhxiKk

Secession Era Editorials Project (Furman): The Caning of Sumner (May 1856) []

The Caning of Senator Charles Sumner (US Senate) http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/The_Caning_of_Senator_Charles_Sumner.htm


 * Dred Scott decision (1857)**

Supreme Court attempted to decide issue of slavery in the territories Five of the nine Supreme Court justices were southerners

Dred Scott case (Sound Smart) http://youtu.be/J0OW18pIo8c

The case ruled as follows:
 * Blacks could not be U.S. citizens
 * Congress could not prohibit slavery in a territory
 * This implied a repeal of the Missouri Compromise
 * South delighted; North outraged

Compare to Supreme Court involvement in 2000 presidential election

Secession Era Editorials Project (Furman): Dred Scott (1857) []

Supreme Court Rules Against Dred Scott (Finding Dulcinea, On This Day) http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/March/Supreme-Court-Rules-Against-Dred-Scott.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/aug24.html
 * Panic of 1857** (Today in History, Library of Congress)


 * John Brown at Harper's Ferry** **(1859)**

Video:John Brown"s Raid (Mr. Betts) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SrsIt1dB1dw&feature=youtu.be

John Brown had slain proslavery settlers in Bleeding Kansas Using both whites & blacks, John Brown attacked federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry Brown hoped to arm slaves and trigger a slave rebellion Brown failed: captured, tried, and executed Northern abolitionists saw him as a Jesus figure South bothered by this adulation; thought all northerners endorsed him

Secession Era Editorials Project (Furman): John Brown's Raid (1859) []

The raid on Harpers Ferry []


 * Election of 1860**

Video: Election of Lincoln and Southern Secession (4:44) http://youtu.be/P-l8FJShCsE

Lincoln got no southern electoral votes but still won the election. []

Lincoln's analysis "You in the south think slavery is right and ought to be expanded. We think it is wrong and ought to be restricted."


 * Secession of the South from the United States**

Map of secession: []

Secession of South Carolina (December 20, 1860)

After South Carolina, came two waves of secession:

a) Deep South: Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas

b) Upper South: Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia

Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware
 * Several slave states remained committed to the North:**


 * Confederate States of America**

Confederacy was a separate country for these four years.

It had problems similar to those of the Articles of Confederation government we studied earlier.


 * Jefferson Davis** chosen as President of the Confederate States of America.

Video: Jefferson Davis mini bio https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bFxxXKH8VbY


 * Capital of the Confederacy**

Initially in Montgomery, Alabama.

Then moved for remainder of war to Richmond, Virginia.


 * Fort Sumter (South Carolina) (April 1861)**

Lincoln decided to resupply the federal fort in Charleston harbor.

Confederates fired on the fort and thereby began the Civil War.

Video: Fort Sumter (Sound Smart) https://youtu.be/c3IwgtrMKKM

Crisis at Fort Sumter []


 * War aims**

North: Preserve the Union. Not free the slaves

South: Preserve slavery==the southern way of life


 * Names used to describe each side**:

North=Federals=Yankees=Union=Billy Yank=Blue

South=Confederates=Rebels=Secessionists=Johnny Reb=Gray


 * Key Leader/Generals for the North**:


 * 1**. Abraham Lincoln

Video: Abraham Lincoln bio https://youtu.be/L80_q2tPveo

http://encyclopediavirginia.org/Grant_Ulysses_S_1822-1885
 * 2**. Ulysses Grant

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman
 * 3**.William Tecumseh Sherman

http://encyclopediavirginia.org/Meade_George_Gordon_1815-1872
 * 4**. George Meade

http://encyclopediavirginia.org/McClellan_George_B_1826-1885
 * 5**. George McClellan


 * Key Leaders/Generals for the South**: **Confederate States of America (CSA)**

1. Jefferson Davis http://encyclopediavirginia.org/Davis_Jefferson_1808-1889

Video: Jefferson Davis mini bio [We watched this earlier] http://youtu.be/bFxxXKH8VbY

http://encyclopediavirginia.org/Lee_Robert_Edward_1807-1870
 * 2**. Robert E. Lee

Video: Robert E. Lee - Mini Bio http://youtu.be/4AVMoo_PT40

Video: God Bless Robert E. Lee (Johnny Cash) (3:40) []

http://www.findingdulcinea.com/features/profiles/j/thomas--stonewall--jackson.html
 * 3**. Stonewall Jackson

Video: Stonewall Jackson (Johnny Horton) (2:48) http://youtu.be/6aQWurpQ-0Y

http://encyclopediavirginia.org/Stuart_J_E_B_1833-1864
 * 4**. J.E.B. Stuart

Video: Jeb Stuart (2:18) https://youtu.be/YsMSOg9BsW0


 * Civil War: comparisons of the opposing sides**


 * a. Northern advantages:**

1. Larger population

2. Greater industrial production

3. More railroads and canals


 * b. Southern advantages:**


 * 1.** Greater emotion

Great songs, for instance:

Dixie: []

Johnny Reb []

The Southern Soldier []

Bonnie Blue Flag: []


 * 2.** Excellent military commanders


 * 3.** Better cavalry at the beginning of the war

[]
 * Union military strategy**

Anaconda plan:

a. Advance along the Mississippi b. Pressure on Richmond and Virginia c. Union naval blockade

[]
 * Confederate military strategy**

Offensive defensive:

a. Attack when possible b. Mostly play defense c. Use interior lines of transportation d. Concentrate its forces at crucial points of Union attack


 * Union diplomatic strategy:**

Lincoln tried hard to prevent Britain and France from aiding the Confederacy

Video: Threat of foreign intervention in Civil War (1:48) http://youtu.be/ZKtjpmz3zjA


 * Trent Affair (November 1861)**

A Union ship stopped the British ship Trent at sea The Union navy took off two Confederate diplomats: James Mason and John Slidell.

Britain protested.

Eventually, the North released the two men.

Video: Trent Affair (1:04) http://youtu.be/w6_WtS_7b6k

Trent Affair (Historian of the State Department) https://history.state.gov/milestones/1861-1865/trent-affair


 * Confederate diplomatic strategy**

"King Cotton" diplomacy

Hoped that Britain and France would aid South to get southern cotton It did not happen Both countries developed other supply sources


 * TUESDAY, 17 APRIL 2018**


 * Mood music** for the time period we are studying:

”Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" []

”Steal Away (To Jesus)" Mahalia Jackson & Nat King Cole []


 * I. Prayer/Attendance**

The following Bible verse expresses what I hope to be for you, my dear students:

The Lord is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and rich in love. [Psalm 145:8 NIV]


 * II. IDEA evaluations**

They are available on line.


 * III. Homework for Thursday, 19 April 2018**

Bleeding Kansas http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2952.html

Anthony Burns captured (1854) []

Supreme Court Rules Against Dred Scott (Finding Dulcinea, On This Day) http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/March/Supreme-Court-Rules-Against-Dred-Scott.html

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates Begin (Finding Dulcinea, On This Day) http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/July-August-08/On-this-Day--The-Lincoln-Douglas-Debates-Begin.html


 * IV. In class today: reaction to homework**

The Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive Slave Act (Africans in America) []

Slave narratives and Uncle Tom's Cabin []


 * V. In class today: new material**


 * THE 1850S**


 * Crucial interplay of several factors**

Acquisition of new territories turned slavery into a major constitutional standoff between 1848-1861.

Slavery's existence and territorial expansion []

Should new states be slave or free?

"If slavery was the sore spot in the body politic, territorial disputes were salt rubbed into the wound."


 * Frames of reference** of North and South toward each other:

Northerners: feared an evil Southern Slave Power wanting to take over U.S.

Southerners: felt that northerners were all abolitionists--wanting to oppress the South

A North–South division was deepening

Slavery in the territories colored every other national issue

The first sectional battle of the decade involved California

California's request to enter Union as free state caused political conflict

Compromise of 1850 became a temporary armistice in the slavery issue


 * Compromise of 1850**

Video: Compromise of 1850 (Sound Smart) http://youtu.be/j_Bra5yBh6M

Video: Compromise of 1850 ("Shake It Off" Parody) - @MrBettsClass []

Major provisions of the Compromise of 1850:


 * a**. **California entered the Union as a free state**

California becomes the 31st state in record time (History.com This Day in History | 9/9/1850) http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/california-becomes-the-31st-state-in-record-time

Slavery and the Admission of California into the Union []

[]
 * b. Popular sovereignty** allowed in Utah & New Mexico Territories

Let the people in each state decide on whether they would permit slavery.

Popular Sovereignty (US History.org) http://www.ushistory.org/us/30b.asp


 * c. Trading and auction of slaves abolished in Washington, D.C**

Slavery itself was still permitted


 * d. Fugitive Slave Act**

Stronger than past ones Citizens must help capture and return runaway slaves Suspected runaways denied trial by jury

Video: Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 (Sound Smart) []

Video: Fugitive Slave Act and Uncle Tom's Cabin http://youtu.be/RnWokuQ6kcA

The Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive Slave Act (Africans in America) []


 * Harriet Beecher Stowe**

Video: Who is Harriet Beecher Stowe? http://youtu.be/ijFy4RjYGbQ

Famous as the author of Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852).

Her book a reaction to Fugitive Slave Act

Harriet Beecher Stowe's portrait of slave suffering made southerners mad.

Harriet Beecher Stowe (God in America) []


 * Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852)**

Uncle Tom's Cabin https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncle_Tom's_Cabin

Slave narratives and Uncle Tom's Cabin []

Uncle Tom's Cabin and American Culture website http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/sitemap.html

Children's Hymns []


 * Southern defense of slavery: George Fitzhugh**

Southern slaves better off than northern workers

Northern workers were "wage" slaves

Worked harder than Southern slaves

Were laid off if they got sick or too old


 * Missouri Compromise (1820)**

Video: Missouri Compromise Tom Richey ("Gin and Juice" Parody) https://youtu.be/sd5F6EnH6I0

Video: Missouri Compromise https://youtu.be/_yjx_b5MsFA

Map of Missouri Compromise provisions http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/1483/1518969/DIVI181.jpg

(1) Missouri was admitted as a slave state and Maine (formerly part of Massachusetts) as free

(2) except for Missouri, slavery was to be excluded from the Louisiana Purchase lands north of latitude 36°30?.


 * Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)**

Video: Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 (Sound Smart) https://youtu.be/QYP854GAPAU

Secession Era Editorials Project (Furman): Kansas-Nebraska Bill (1854) []

Provisions of Kansas-Nebraska Act []

Kansas-Nebraska Act undid the Missouri Compromise which set the 36°30' line of latitude to be the separation of free and slave states

Senator Stephen Douglas Introduced a bill to establish the Kansas and Nebraska territories. Wanted Chicago to be the terminus of a transcontinental railroad; No railroad would build through unorganized land. He needed southern votes The bill used the popular sovereignty formula Effectively implied repeal of the Missouri Compromise.

Shifting Political Landscape Three great maps: Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/lincolns-political-landscape/

[]
 * Bleeding Kansas**

Popular sovereignty feature of the Kansas–Nebraska Act Civil war erupted in Kansas between Those who wanted to bring slavery to Kansas Those who wanted to prevent slavery there.

Bleeding Kansas http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2952.html

Video: Bleeding Kansas (Sound Smart) https://youtu.be/TqZJc7B8xsc

Video: John Brown and Bleeding Kansas (2:13) http://youtu.be/7tJ0ZjRxKhs


 * Anthony Burns (1854)**

Anthony Burns captured (1854) He hired himself out []


 * THURSDAY, 12 APRIL 2018**


 * Mood music** for the time period we are studying:

”Follow the Drinkin' Gourd" []

”Go Down Moses" []

”Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" []

”Steal Away (To Jesus)" Mahalia Jackson & Nat King Cole []

”Wade in the Water" []

Roll, Jordan, Roll []

http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/Friday+Songs
 * Friday songs on Thursday** (3 more weeks and we'll be through)


 * I. Prayer/Attendance**

The following Bible verse expresses what I hope to be for you, my dear students:

The Lord is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and rich in love. [Psalm 145:8 NIV]


 * II. IDEA evaluations**

They are available on line.


 * III. Homework for Tuesday, 17 April 2018**

The Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive Slave Act (Africans in America) []

Slave narratives and Uncle Tom's Cabin []


 * IV. In class today: reaction to homework**

The Varieties of Slave Labor (National Humanities Center) http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/freedom/1609-1865/essays/slavelabor.htm

Slave religion []

How Slavery Affected African American Families (National Humanities Center) http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/freedom/1609-1865/essays/aafamilies.htm

Slave Resistance (National Humanities Center) http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/freedom/1609-1865/essays/slaveresist.htm


 * V. In class today: new material**


 * Free blacks**

Almost 250,000 in south by 1860 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Negro

Highly discriminated against by whites Legal status somewhere between slave and free Whites feared free blacks would lead slave uprisings States enacted "Black codes" to control movement of free blacks


 * Black abolitionists**

Much of abolitionism was run by free blacks https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Negro

By 1830, blacks had organized some 50 abolitionist societies


 * Notable free blacks**:


 * 1. Frederick Douglass**

Frederick Douglas Noted escaped slave Famous for his Autobiography

Video: Frederick Douglass bio https://youtu.be/Su-4JBEIhXY

Frederick Douglass []


 * 2. Harriet Tubman: "the Moses of her people"**

Harriet Tubman []

Harriet Tubman | National Women's History Museum http://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biographies/harriet-tubman

Harriet Tubman http://www.christianitytoday.com/history/people/activists/harriet-tubman.html

Video: Harriet Tubman bio http://youtu.be/CCkuph8zHsU


 * 3. Sojourner Truth: "Ain't I a woman"**

Sojourner Truth []

Sojourner Truth | National Women's History Museum http://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biographies/sojourner-truth

Sojourner Truth http://www.christianitytoday.com/history/people/activists/sojourner-truth.html

Video: Sojourner Truth bio https://youtu.be/q-HfiryNoXY


 * Underground Railroad:**

Map http://www.harriet-tubman.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/What-was-the-Underground-Railroad.jpg

Underground Railroad (Africans in America) http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2944.html

Levi Coffin House - Underground Railroad's "Grand Central Station" []


 * Opposition to abolitionists:**


 * Murder of Elijah Lovejoy**

Many white Americans violently opposed abolitionism They did not want to compete with freed blacks Hostile whites threatened abolitionist editors and speakers An example of this opposition was the murder of Elijah Lovejoy He was a white abolitionist newspaper editor Murdered by a mob in Alton, Illinois (1837).

Northerners outraged: Not because they supported abolition But because they wanted to preserve free speech

In the South, mobs blocked distribution of antislavery pamphlets


 * Gag rule**

Many Northern church women signed anti-slavery petitions

Sent these petitions to Congress

From 1836 to 1844, Congress refused even to open or read the petitions Southerners were happy

Northerners felt their free speech was violated.


 * SLAVERY MODULE**

Video: Slavery: All Night Forever (Ken Burns Civil War video) []


 * North American slave trade**

Slavery and sugar shifted focus of world economy from Asia and the Mediterranean to the Atlantic. Being black did not initially mean being a slave. By the 1670s, mainland colonists imported large numbers of Africans Only a few Quakers had any moral problem with using slaves. Slave trade made many merchants wealthy.

Check out this map on where slaves came from and to where they were sold: []


 * Middle Passage**

The middle passage: voyage from Africa to America.


 * Amazing Grace**

John Newton was a slave trader who converted to Christianity and wrote the hymn entitled "Amazing Grace."

Video: Amazing Grace https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3G72NucLEGM&feature=youtu.be


 * Slavery in the South**

By 1720, Africans were 20% of overall population.

Relationship between the large number of slaves in South Carolina and the survival of African culture.


 * Slavery in the north**

North had fewer slaves (personal servants; dock workers)

In some Northern cities, slaves 10 % of population.

Low Northern slave population accentuated differences with South


 * Description of the Antebellum South**

Old South or Antebellum South (before the Civil War) (1800-1860)

North grew and changed

South just grew
 * Remained a rural, agrarian society
 * Thin population distribution
 * Few cities
 * Small number of factories


 * Rise of the Cotton South**

Several factors increased the growth of slave–supplied cotton plantations:

1. Cotton gin [before gin:10 hours for 1 pound; after: 1000 pounds/day]

Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin (Africans in America) http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3h1522.html

Eli Whitney http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/theymadeamerica/whomade/whitney_hi.html

Video: Cotton Gin http://youtu.be/KlISIvrFbLs

2. Short–staple cotton

3. English and northern U.S. textile factories need for cotton


 * Southern society**

Remember: Some 75% of white southern families owned NO slaves at all.

But the slave society influenced all aspects of southern culture.

Planters: Most planters owned fewer than 10 slaves. Big planters set the tone for southern society.


 * Planter paternalism**

Men treated both women and slaves in a domineering manner Racism in the master–slave relationship Sexism in the male–female relationship

Women raised to be wife, mother, and subordinate companion to men Wives helped oversee the plantation household

Wives had to tolerate husbands' sexual infidelities with female slaves


 * Black codes**

Slaveholders saw free blacks as potential instigators of rebellion Southern states wanted free blacks to move away to the North

Black codes regulated free blacks who remained in the South

Black codes required
 * Black skilled laborers to be licensed
 * Banned blacks form specific jobs (such as river boat captains)
 * Forbade blacks to assemble in public
 * Prohibited teaching blacks to read and write


 * Slave life**

Food generally adequate, but plain and monotonous Slaves owned few clothes and lived in small, one–room cabins

Slaves worth more healthy than sick Women as child bearers were particularly valuable to owner

Slaves treated as property: Pledged for a debt Gambled away in a card game

White crimes against slaves went unpunished Slaves could not testify against whites

Slave quarters on St. Georges Island []


 * Slave work routine**

1. House slaves

2. Field slaves

Most field slaves worked in the **gang system** White overseer: compensated on how much he produced Black slave drivers: foremen to keep down dissension

3. Some slaves worked the **task system**

In urban settings and on some rice plantations Assigned daily tasks to complete at their own pace Remainder of the time was their own

4. Slave **hire system**

Some skilled slaves were able to hire themselves out They could keep most of their wages Often used proceeds to purchase their freedom

The Varieties of Slave Labor (National Humanities Center) http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/freedom/1609-1865/essays/slavelabor.htm


 * Slave religion**

Most white southerners were religious Most believed they should help slaves become Christians [I wonder how prevalent Islam was among slaves.]

But they did so on their own terms Whites used religion as a form of control: God commanded slaves to serve and obey their masters

Slaves felt there must be a real Bible somewhere One not written by their white owners

Many whites unwilling to accept slaves as brothers and sisters in Christ.

Christianity helped slaves cope with bondage Slaves used religion as a refuge Inner sense of personal worth and dignity Slaves hoped for deliverance from bondage Surely in heaven but hopefully in this lifetime

Slave religion http://www.nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/nineteen/nkeyinfo/aareligion.htm []


 * Slave family life**

Slaves tried to be monogamous Slave marriages had no legal basis Slaves still had marriage ceremonies Vows were changed to "till death or distance do us part"

Family was central to slave life Worst fear was family separation by sale At any moment, the master could a. Sell a slave husband or wife b. Die in debt, forcing a division of his property c. Give a slave child away as a wedding present

Husbands tried to provide for their wife and children Could not protect the females from sexual exploitation by the master

How Slavery Affected African American Families (National Humanities Center) http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/freedom/1609-1865/essays/aafamilies.htm


 * Slave attitudes toward whites**

Most slaves suspicious of white motives Slaves hated their oppression Whites stereotyped slaves as docile Sambos

To keep from being whipped Slaves learned to act subservient Slaves spoke respectfully to their masters


 * Slave resistance**

Few violent rebellions Whites had firepower, slave patrols, militia, and federal troops

Slave Resistance (National Humanities Center) http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/freedom/1609-1865/essays/slaveresist.htm

Slaves tried to preserve mental independence and self–respect

Coping mechanisms
 * Trickster tales
 * Nonviolent forms of resistance
 * Stealing food
 * Temporarily running away
 * Slacking off at work

The Trickster in African American Literature (National Humanities Center) http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/freedom/1865-1917/essays/trickster.htm


 * Nat Turner slave rebellion in Virginia** (1831)

Turner an educated black lay preacher Key slave rebellion—a violent one Caused an intense white reaction in the south

Video: Nat Turner bio (3:35) http://youtu.be/BBH3Xzz3Y3E

Nat Turner []


 * Virginia legislature slavery debate** (1832)

White advocates of gradual abolition of slavery forced a debate Arguing that slavery was injurious to Virginia's modernization Motion favoring abolition lost Last public debate on slavery in the antebellum South


 * TUESDAY, 10 APRIL 2018**


 * Mood music** for the time period we are studying:


 * Charles Wesley hymns:**

Christ the Lord is Risen Today [| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5KZlOKqb-o&feature=youtu.be]

And Can It Be That I Should Gain [| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=29myH7xXI4M&feature=youtu.be]

Love Divine, All Loves Excelling [| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwso5lke6Fk&feature=youtu.be]

Oh, For a Thousand Tongues to Sing [| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4O9kw3cILpg&feature=youtu.be]


 * I. Prayer/Attendance**

The following Bible verse expresses what I hope to be for you, my dear students:

The Lord is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and rich in love. [Psalm 145:8 NIV]


 * II. Exam #3:**

Grading Scale for each of our 4 exams:

A=(average of 67 points) 90% B=(average of 60 points) 80% C=(average of 52 points) 70% D=(average of 45 points) 60%

Semester Grade includes:: Minus points for excess absences Plus points for participation and contribution to class sessions. Plus five points for each extra credit.


 * III. Homework for Thursday, 12 April**

The Varieties of Slave Labor (National Humanities Center) http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/freedom/1609-1865/essays/slavelabor.htm

Slave religion []

How Slavery Affected African American Families (National Humanities Center) http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/freedom/1609-1865/essays/aafamilies.htm

Slave Resistance (National Humanities Center) http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/freedom/1609-1865/essays/slaveresist.htm


 * IV. In class today: reaction to homework**

Religion and the New Republic (Library of Congress) http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/rel07.html


 * V. In class today: new material**


 * Second Great Awakening**

Began around 1800 Democratized American religion—as voting was being democratized Rejected doctrine of predestination

Video: Second Great Awakening (2:30) Professor Christine Leigh-Heyrman https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Sjt392m36yo


 * A. On the frontier: West and South**

Focus on individual salvation; no impulse to reform society

Baptist lay preachers and Methodist circuit riders


 * 1. Camp meetings**

Attended by thousands

Most notable one: Cane Ridge (1801): 10,000 participants

Religion and the New Republic (Library of Congress) http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/rel07.html

Camp Meetings https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_meeting

Video: Cane Ridge, Kentucky (700 Club) (1:32) http://youtu.be/i5gUY6Eoh_A

Video: Cane Ridge: Leaders and legends (10:440 http://youtu.be/tAQyZvF0BZo


 * 2. Circuit riders**

Methodist Circuit Riders (Google Images) []

Nothing but Crows and Methodist Preachers http://www.forgottenword.org/crows.html

Video: Circuit Riders (3:07) http://youtu.be/Jv9Hi-pN_nA

A modern-day circuit rider http://articles.latimes.com/1992-04-20/news/mn-443_1_circuit-rider


 * B. In the north**

Congregationalists and Presbyterians Small to medium-sized towns Northern revivals led to an impulse to reform society


 * Charles G. Finney**

Key name in Second Great Awakening

Charles Finney (God in America, PBS) http://www.pbs.org/godinamerica/people/charles-finney.html

Charles Finney (Christianity Today) http://www.christianitytoday.com/history/people/evangelistsandapologists/charles-finney.html

New York lawyer Converted (1821) Finney became a full–time evangelist "I have a retainer from Jesus to plead his case" Focused initially on the small towns in western New York.

A more democratic version of Christianity than predestination. Any person who wanted to be saved could be saved.
 * Arminianism**==Free will

Finney's evangelistic approach: New Measures


 * Finney's New Measures**: controversial for its time

a. Protracted meetings. Revivals continued nightly for a week or more.

b. Anxious bench

"Almost saved" would sit up front Made an object of special prayer.

c. Women allowed to speak aloud and pray for male relatives


 * Converts organized into voluntary associations**


 * a. 1810—Foreign Missions Board**

Students at Williams College: Haystack Prayer Meeting https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haystack_Prayer_Meeting

Note to me: show both of these videos

Video: Haystack prayer meeting (2:56) http://youtu.be/8SCsQYueXN4

Video: Haystack prayer meeting (3:52) http://youtu.be/OtA2QizrMgQ

b. 1816—**American Bible Society**—distributed Bibles in the West

2016 was the 200th anniversary of the founding of the American Bible Society.

c. 1825—**American Tract Society**—to seamen and urban poor


 * ABOLITIONISM/ANTI-SLAVERY**

//**We should all ask ourselves the question: Would I have been an abolitionist?**//

Compare to feelings about immigration these days.

Antislavery was not a unified movement at first

Its adherents differed over several issues:
 * a. How hard to push the issue
 * b. The rights of women
 * c. The place of free blacks in American society

The issue of slavery eventually became so compelling that it consumed all the other reforms we have discussed.


 * Gradual emancipation**:

1. **American Colonization Society** (founded in 1816) http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3p1521.html http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/American_Colonization_Society

American Colonization Society []

2. Advocated gradual emancipation of former slaves

3. Suggested resettlement in Africa

4. Liberia was set up for this purpose

Map of Africa showing location of Liberia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberia

Its capital, Monrovia, named for President James Monroe

Free Negro https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Negro


 * Immediate emancipation**

Immediatism surpassed gradualism as dominant anti-slavery approach
 * a. Immediate—right now
 * b. Complete—no other labor contract
 * c. Uncompensated—owners not paid a thing

Contrast between: "old" abolitionism: American Colonization Society "new" abolitionism: Garrison and American Anti–Slavery society

American Anti-Slavery Society (Ohio History online) http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=832

[]
 * William Lloyd Garrison**

William Lloyd Garrison []

Videos: William Lloyd Garrison https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8GT2yNPJQ8&feature=youtu.be https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=glOAGZqIKbQ&feature=youtu.be

Garrison was a white abolitionist

He argued for immediate emancipation

His newspaper, //The Liberator//, began publication in 1831 []


 * Women abolitionists**
 * Women more prominent in abolition than other movements
 * Women could not vote
 * Women expected to "keep their place" in the background

Angelina and Sarah Grimke []

White daughters of a South Carolina slave owner Moved to the North Became involved in anti-slavery and women's rights Attacked the concept of subordination of women to me


 * THURSDAY, 5 APRIL 2018**

http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/Friday+Songs
 * Friday songs on Thursday** (4 more weeks and we'll be through)


 * In class today: Exam #3**

God bless you, my wonderful students.


 * Homework for Tuesday, 10 April**

Religion and the New Republic (Library of Congress) http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/rel07.html


 * TUESDAY, 3 APRIL 2018**


 * Mood music** for the time period we are studying:

Mexican Army drums https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=U49MRuiVe-E


 * I. Prayer/Attendance**

The following Bible verse expresses what I hope to be for you, my dear students:

The Lord is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and rich in love. [Psalm 145:8 NIV]


 * II. Exam #3: Thursday, 5 April**

Same format as our previous exams.

Please bring your pencil, Scantron, and brain.

The study guide is available on the following wiki page: http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/HIST%20151%20Exam%203%20S18


 * III. Extra credit opportunity: Tonight**

Speaker: Meghan Grizzle Fischer, Attorney at Law Legal Counsel for the UN and Alliance Defending Freedom International Topic: Who is my Brother? Support for Religious Minorities in Lands of Oppression When: Tuesday, 3 April, from 5-6 p.m. Where: LAPC


 * IV. Homework for Tuesday, 10 April**

Religion and the New Republic (Library of Congress) http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/rel07.html


 * V. In class today: reaction to homework**

Army Life during the Mexican War: U.S. Army http://www.pbs.org/kera/usmexicanwar/war/army_life_us.html

Army Life during the Mexican War: Mexican Army http://www.pbs.org/kera/usmexicanwar/war/army_life_mexican.html


 * VI. In class today: new material**

http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Wilmot_Proviso?rec=1400
 * Wilmot Proviso** (1846)

a. Many northerners opposed the war with Mexico b. They saw in a war an evil design by slave owners to increase possible slave territory c. Democrat Congressman David Wilmot of Pennsylvania proposed a bill that would outlaw slavery in any territory won from Mexico. d. His proposal did not pass Congress. e. But the Wilmot Proviso became a rallying cry for abolitionists & those against spread of slavery. f. Most white northerners were racists, not abolitionists. g. Whites wanted to protect themselves—not southern blacks—from the Slave power. h. They wanted to keep this new land only for free white peopl**e**


 * Free–Soil Party**

Formed in 1848 to prevent slavery in the territories won from Mexico.

Free Soilers did not necessarily want to abolish slavery.

They simply wanted to prevent its spread into the Western territories.

Party slogan was Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, and Free Men.

Free Soil party was made up of 1. Northern Democrats committed to the Wilmot proviso 2. Antislavery ("Conscience" as opposed to "Cotton") Whigs


 * U.S.-MEXICAN WAR**

Mexican-American War Video (129:00) http://youtu.be/_JjjaMBoSQE

Fascinating website: US-Mexican War: A Concise History []

Mexican War Map: []

1. Mexico felt annexation of Texas cause for war

American sent forces into disputed region to provoke a Mexican attack Mexicans did attack America declared war

Many northerners opposed the war with Mexico They saw in a war an evil design by slave owners to increase possible slave territory

Two of those who opposed the war: Henry Clay; Abraham Lincoln

2. American interest in California--then a part of Mexico:

Bartered manufactured goods for cowhides Boston companies set up resident agents in California Agents' reports back East sparked interest in California

a. Richard Henry Dana's //Two Year Before the Mast//: a best seller (1840)

Richard Henry Dana http://www.winthrop.dk/rhdana.html

His ship was named the Pilgrim https://www.ocean-institute.org/general-information/about-pilgrim

b. Sutter's Fort. Sacramento. At end of Overland Trail.


 * 3. Bear Flag Revolt** (June 14, 1846)

When war with Mexico seemed likely, U.S. claimed California

Key names: William B. Ide; John Fremont; Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo

Separate country for less than a month

Bear Flag Republic https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Republic


 * U.S. Forces in Mexico**

Army Life: U.S. Army http://www.pbs.org/kera/usmexicanwar/war/army_life_us.html

Army Life: Mexican Army http://www.pbs.org/kera/usmexicanwar/war/army_life_mexican.html

a) **General Zachary Taylor**: invaded Mexico from north

Battle of Buena Vista

b) **General Winfield Scott:** invaded Mexico from seacoast

Battle of Cerro Gordo Battle of Chapultepec

Halls of Montezuma Marines raised U.S. flag over National Palace in Mexico City


 * Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo**

U.S. paid Mexico $15 million Present states: California, Utah, New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona U.S. territory enlarged by 20%

Territorial Acquisitions Map 


 * Legacy of the Mexican-American War**

$100 million in military costs 13,000 Americans died Training ground for military officers later famous in Civil War Gold discovered in California (1848): a few months before treaty signed Continuing controversy over extension of slavery in land won from Mexico


 * THURSDAY, 29 MARCH 2018**

No class. Easter vacation.


 * TUESDAY, 27 MARCH 2018**


 * Mood music** for the time period we are studying:

Marty Robbins: Ballad of the Alamo https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Eyu3OIn5A00

Alamo: Deguello https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=p5RjjRe4dd4

Mexican Army drums https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=U49MRuiVe-E

http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/Friday+Songs
 * Friday songs on Tuesday** (5 more weeks and we'll be through)


 * I. Prayer/Attendance**

The following Bible verse expresses what I hope to be for you, my dear students:

The Lord is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and rich in love. [Psalm 145:8 NIV]


 * II. Exam #3**

It will be on Thursday, 5 April.

The study guide (which I will continue to refine) is available on the following wiki page: http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/HIST%20151%20Exam%203%20S18


 * III. Extra credit opportunity: TONIGHT**

Speaker: Mark Valeri, Professor of Religion and Politics at Washington University, St. Louis Topic: Religious Choice and Cultural Encounter in Early America When: Tuesday, 27 March, from 4:30-5:30 p.m. Where: LAPC


 * IV. Extra credit opportunity: next Tuesday**

Speaker: Meghan Grizzle Fischer, Attorney at Law Legal Counsel for the UN and Alliance Defending Freedom International Topic: Who is my Brother? Support for Religious Minorities in Lands of Oppression When: Tuesday, 3 April, from 5-6 p.m. Where: LAPC


 * V. Remember: no class this Thursday**


 * VI. Homework for Tuesday, 3 April**

Army Life during the Mexican War: U.S. Army http://www.pbs.org/kera/usmexicanwar/war/army_life_us.html

Army Life during the Mexican War: Mexican Army http://www.pbs.org/kera/usmexicanwar/war/army_life_mexican.html


 * VII. In class today: reaction to homework**

Gold discovered at Sutter's Mill []

President Polk sparks the California Gold Rush []

The Alamo Came Under Attack (Finding Dulcinea, On This Day) http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/Feb/On-this-Day--The-Alamo-Came-Under-Attack.html


 * VIII. In class today: new material**


 * TEXAS REVOLUTION AND THE LONE-STAR REPUBLIC**


 * Tejas**

Video: American settlers move into Texas http://youtu.be/JskHY3KFRgI

Americans moved into Spanish, then Mexican Tejas Panic of 1819 pushed some Americans westward Mexico gained its independence from Spain (1821)

Empresarios: Spain gave land grants to Moses Austin Mexico continued the same deal with his son, Stephen Austin (1824)

Americans not happy with three aspects of life in Mexico:

1. Catholicism: Settlers either converted superficially or ignored requirement

2. Slavery

In 1829, Mexico freed its slaves Colonists freed their slaves but signed them to lifelong indentured servant contract

3. Self government

Texas part of Mexican Coahuila (Texas outnumbered 3 to 1) Americans demanded a Mexican state of their own

Dictator Santa Anna abolished separate Mexican states (1834)


 * Texas revolution** (1836)

By 1835, Texas population: 30,000 Americans; 3,000 Mexicans "War party" declared Texas independent in1836 Guests who rebelled against their hosts

Video: Texans revolt against Mexico http://youtu.be/xFgZZeX_hcw

Video: Texas and Mexican War (Mr. Betts) https://youtu.be/7O0jF2QrzIQ


 * Main battles of the Texas Revolution:**

Map: []


 * a. Alamo**:

187 all died (including some famous persons: Davy Crockett, Jim Bowie, William Travis)

Video: Alamo (2:25) http://youtu.be/4_dIs1xYj_U

Video: Alamo and Goliad (1:06) http://youtu.be/HZDtQfAVQEo

Video: Johnny Cash: Remember the Alamo (2:52) http://youtu.be/l4FOgKC-g9U

The Alamo Came Under Attack (Finding Dulcinea, On This Day) http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/Feb/On-this-Day--The-Alamo-Came-Under-Attack.html

Key people who died at the Alamo

1. Davy Crockett https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davy_Crockett

Ballad of Davy Crockett (Fess Parker) (2:14) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=txcRQedoEyY&feature=youtube_gdata_player

2. Jim Bowie https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bowie

3. William Travis https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_B._Travis


 * b. Goliad**: 350 captured Americans were massacred


 * c. San Jacinto**: (today's Houston, Texas

Video: San Jacinto (0:53) http://youtu.be/uAfUl2yQE8g

Sam Houston attacked Mexicans during a siesta 630 Mexicans killed Santa Anna captured


 * Texas: the Lone Star Republic** **(1836–1845)**

Texas a separate country during the period 1836-1845

Sam Houston the first president.

Video: Sam Houston (1:44) https://youtu.be/gYRkgA2R4HU

Population increased from 30,000 to 142,000

Annexation delayed until 1845: volatility of the slavery issue

Territorial Acquisitions Map 


 * THURSDAY, 22 MARCH 2018**


 * Mood music** for the time period we are studying:

Video: Hail to the Chief medley [] Video: 50 Patriotic Songs medley []

http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/Friday+Songs
 * Friday songs on Thursday** (6 more weeks and we'll be through)


 * I. Prayer/Attendance**

The following Bible verse expresses what I hope to be for you, my dear students:

The Lord is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and rich in love. [Psalm 145:8 NIV]


 * II. Exam #3**

It will be on Thursday, 5 April.

The study guide (which I will continue to refine) is available on the following wiki page: http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/HIST%20151%20Exam%203%20S18


 * III. Extra credit opportunity**

Speaker: Mark Valeri, Professor of Religion and Politics at Washington University, St. Louis Topic: Religious Choice and Cultural Encounter in Early America When: Tuesday, 27 March from 4:30-5:30 p.m. Where: LAPC


 * IV. Valuable lesson for our lives**

How to stop eating sugar []


 * V. Homework for Tuesday, 27 March**

Gold discovered at Sutter's Mill []

President Polk sparks the California Gold Rush []

The Alamo Came Under Attack (Finding Dulcinea, On This Day) http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/Feb/On-this-Day--The-Alamo-Came-Under-Attack.html


 * VI. In class today: reaction to homework**

a. Introduction http://oregontrail101.com/introduction.html b. Route West http://oregontrail101.com/routewest.html c. "Jumping off" http://oregontrail101.com/jumping.html d. Power http://oregontrail101.com/power.html e. Hardships http://oregontrail101.com/hardships.html f. Buffalo http://oregontrail101.com/buffallo.html Buffalo chip lady https://lisawallerrogers.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/gathering-buffalo-chips1.jpg?w=500 g. Native Americans Read only the section entitled "Relationships" http://oregontrail101.com/native.html
 * Oregon Trail**:


 * VII, In class today: new material**


 * Election of 1824**

Video: Corrupt Bargain of 1824 (2:34) https://youtu.be/SatZaED_LJw

John Quincy Adams versus Andrew Jackson Jackson won plurality (not majority) of electoral votes and popular vote House of Representatives chose the president It chose Adams. Adams accused of having made a "corrupt bargain" with Henry Clay. Jackson immediately began to run for election of 1828.

John Quincy Adams. Compared to Bush family. George, Sr., apparently refers to George, Jr. as Quincy. Father and son presidents.


 * Election of 1828**

Video: 1829 inauguration of Andrew Jackson (1:08) https://youtu.be/Appjtpezyks

Andrew Jackson won the election over John Quincy Adams. Adams can write; Jackson can fight. Jackson's party: Democrats After the demise of Federalists and the one-party Era of Good Feelings Democrats became the first well–organized national political party.


 * ANDREW JACKSON.** Details of his life and career.

He is on the #20 bill.

Video: Andrew Jackson biography (2:10) http://youtu.be/Z-Nzn40b_n8

The Hermitage (Jackson's plantation in Nashville) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4R4S7zZoGg&feature=youtu.be

Andrew Jackson's Hermitage []

Andrew Jackson: Life Before the Presidency https://millercenter.org/president/jackson/life-before-the-presidency

Donald Trump and Andrew Jackson https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/us/politics/donald-trump-andrew-jackson.html


 * Spoils system**. To the victors belong the spoils. Rotation in office.

"**Kitchen Cabinet.**" Jackson relied on political friends, not Cabinet, for advice.


 * Native American Resistance and Removal**

Most whites wanted land Most whites were racist: had little respect for Indians' rights and culture Indians always seemed to be in the way of whites' land hunger Some whites: physically separate Indians and white settlers Other whites: "civilize" Indians and assimilate them into American culture


 * Indian Removal Act of 1830**

Video: Andrew Jackson and the Indian Removal Act (3:41) http://youtu.be/3E4f_oekpzI

Five Civilized tribes: Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, Cherokee, Seminole

The government forced the Five Civilized Tribes to move west of the Mississippi River.

Map of Indian Removal http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/1483/1518969/DIVI199.jpg

Indian Removal (nice article) http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2959.html


 * Cherokees**

Cherokees. If civilizing Indians was the American goal, no tribe met that test better than the Cherokees.

Bilingual tribal newspaper Formal government complete with legislature and court system Written constitution modeled after that of the U.S. Ownership of black slaves Almost total conversion to Christianity.

Sequoyah http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoyah

Video: Sequoya and the Cherokees (2:08) http://youtu.be/BIDM1V_flSE


 * Cherokee Trail of Tears**

One part, a sad one, of the overall Indian removal.

Map of Indian Removal (Trail of Tears marked with purple arrow) http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/1483/1518969/DIVI199.jpg

Some 4,000 of the 13,000 Cherokees died along the way.

Famous Picture: Trail of Tears http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2959.html

Video: Billy Ray Cyrus - Trail Of Tears (3:43) http://youtu.be/oT7B6m8fKKA


 * Oregon Trail (1843)**

"Oregon fever" began after the Panic of 1837 John Fremont mapped the trail (1842) 1843—major increase in migration over the Trail

Great Oregon Trail website: Map and pictures of landmarks http://www.historyglobe.com/ot/otmap1.htm

Independence, Missouri to Oregon/California Trip was 2,000 miles; took 6 months

Video: Oregon Fever (10:44) http://youtu.be/iquQUhja7ec

Oregon Trail:

a. Introduction http://oregontrail101.com/introduction.html b. Route West http://oregontrail101.com/routewest.html c. "Jumping off" http://oregontrail101.com/jumping.html d. Power http://oregontrail101.com/power.html e. Hardships http://oregontrail101.com/hardships.html f. Buffalo http://oregontrail101.com/buffallo.html Buffalo chip lady https://lisawallerrogers.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/gathering-buffalo-chips1.jpg?w=500 g. Native Americans Read only the section entitled "Relationships" http://oregontrail101.com/native.html


 * Manifest destiny**

Term first used by editor John L. O'Sullivan (1845)

Manifest Destiny Famous painting analysis (John Gast) https://2012english120.wordpress.com/2012/11/30/stabbing-westward-an-analysis-of-john-gasts-american-progress/

American expansion westward and southward was

a. Inevitable b. Just c. Divinely ordained

In accordance with this view:

a. Native Americans: savages, best eliminated

b. Hispanics: inferior peoples, best controlled or conquered


 * Oregon Country**

Northwest boundary dispute

U. S. negotiated for Oregon Country (1846). U.S. went to brink of war with Britain over Oregon boundary. President James K. Polk's campaign slogan: Fifty-Four Forty or Fight U.S. could not fight Mexico and Britain at same time

Boundary dispute map: http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/1483/1518969/DIVI236.jpg

Territorial Acquisitions Map: Oregon Country 


 * California Gold Rush (1849)**

Video: Gold Rush (8:47) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QxekRM5-uMU&feature=youtu.be

1. Discovery of gold (1848) (2 months before Mexican-American war treaty)

California Gold Rush (1849) Overland trail plus passage around South America 100,000 arrived in one year

Gold discovered at Sutter's Mill []

President Polk sparks the California Gold Rush []

2. California statehood (1850)


 * TUESDAY, 20 MARCH 2018**


 * Mood music** for the time period we are studying:

Video: Hail to the Chief medley [] Video: 50 Patriotic Songs medley []


 * I. Prayer/Attendance**

The following Bible verse expresses what I hope to be for you, my dear students:

The Lord is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and rich in love. [Psalm 145:8 NIV]


 * II. Exam #3**

It will be on Thursday, 5 April.

The study guide (which I will continue to refine) is available on the following wiki page: http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/HIST%20151%20Exam%203%20S18


 * III. Homework for Thursday, 22 March**

a. Introduction http://oregontrail101.com/introduction.html b. Route West http://oregontrail101.com/routewest.html c. "Jumping off" http://oregontrail101.com/jumping.html d. Power http://oregontrail101.com/power.html e. Hardships http://oregontrail101.com/hardships.html f. Buffalo http://oregontrail101.com/buffallo.html Buffalo chip lady https://lisawallerrogers.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/gathering-buffalo-chips1.jpg?w=500 g. Native Americans Read only the section entitled "Relationships" http://oregontrail101.com/native.html
 * Oregon Trail**:


 * IV. In class today: reaction to homework**

Virtual Field Trip to Monticello: Thomas Jefferson's day []

Francis Scott Key Writes “The Star-Spangled Banner” (Finding Dulcinea, On This Day) http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/September-October-08/On-this-Day--Francis-Scott-Key-Writes--The-Star-Spangled-Banner-.html

Battle of New Orleans []


 * V. In class today: new material**


 * Presidency of James Madison**

Video: James Madison bio https://youtu.be/EivTHLKaa9s

Video: James Madison as President http://youtu.be/0KeASXBGh1E

James Madison (Miller Center) Life before the Presidency https://millercenter.org/president/madison/life-before-the-presidency


 * Preserving American trading rights and neutral status in a world at war**

Context.

World War b/n England and France started up again in 1803. U.S. was the chief supplier of food to both sides for a while. By 1805, France and Britain began blockading each other's ports. As a trading partner of both countries, the U.S. paid a high price.


 * Chesapeake Affair (1807)**

British warship Leonard; American warship Chesapeake British attacked, boarded, (and killed 3 Americans) in American waters. Exposed American military weakness Intensified American objections to impressment. Sparked American demands to go to war Jefferson—with Congress not in session—able to resist war demands.


 * Embargo**

Jefferson did not want a military fight with British He was generally pacifistic; war cost big bucks for a small nation He fought with "peaceable economic coercion." Embargo Act of 1807 prohibited all exports from the U.S. Policy was well–intentioned, but unpopular and unsuccessful. Mocked as "OGRABME" American economy collapsed British not hurt at all Only bright spot: U. S. manufactures—textile mills—received a boost Domestic market became exclusively American.


 * WAR OF 1812**

Video: War of 1812 (Crash Course) []

Remember: Britain and France locked in a world war

Napoleon invaded Russia in 1812.


 * "1812 Overture"**

Written to commemorate Russian defense of Moscow against Napoleon. []

Here is the finale of the 1812 Overture! []


 * American grievances with British**:

1. Impressment

Britain's navy suffered a severe shortage of sailors. Britain stopped American ships Forcible draft of American sailors.

2. Desire to defend American independence and honor


 * The vote for war**

Congress deeply divided over whether to go to war with Britain. Federalists in New England did not want to go to war. Many Federalist considered conflict to be "Mr. Madison's War." Raising troops in New England was difficult. People in west wanted to go to war.


 * War Hawks**

Their fathers had fought in the Revolution. They themselves wanted to prove themselves in war

Key names:

a. John C. Calhoun of South Carolina

b. Henry Clay of Kentucky


 * War Hawk's desire to take British Canada**

A "mere matter of marching" [Harvard Law School student story] Americans were unsuccessful.

Let's watch the following video clip (6:38): []


 * British Blockade.**

British navy blockaded American ports American trade declined nearly 90 percent. Loss of customs revenue threatened to bankrupt federal government.

[]
 * Key battles of the War of 1812**:


 * 1. Washington, D.C.**

British captured the city.

Video: British burn Washington, 1814 http://youtu.be/47I4CtYI2Tc

British Troops Burn White House and Capitol (Finding Dulcinea, On This Day) http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/July-August-08/On-this-Day--British-Troops-Burn-White-House-and-Capital.html


 * 2. Baltimore**

British bombarded; Americans held out.

Francis Scott Key Writes “The Star-Spangled Banner” (Finding Dulcinea, On This Day) http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/September-October-08/On-this-Day--Francis-Scott-Key-Writes--The-Star-Spangled-Banner-.html

"Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early light What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming? Whose broad stripes and bright stars thru the perilous fight, O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming? And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there. Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?"


 * 3. Horseshoe Bend** (in today's Alabama)

Andrew Jackson (future American president) defeated the Creek Indians.

He forced them to sign away most of their land.

Andrew Jackson's Victory in Creek War (Today in History, Library of Congress) http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/aug09.html


 * 4. New Orleans** (8 Jan 1815)

Andrew Jackson's troops defeated the British.

British: 300 killed, 1300 wounded, 500 captured Americans: 30 killed, 40 wounded

Video: Battle of New Orleans (6:58) http://youtu.be/y9f3D3Y88pc

Battle of New Orleans video: Johnny Horton (2:38) []

Battle of New Orleans http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/On-this-Day--U-S--Forces-Defeat-the-British-in-the-Battle-of-New-Orleans.html


 * Hartford Convention** (15 Dec 1814—5 Jan 1815)

Federalist delegates from New England Unhappy with the war's stoppage of New England trade Seemed treasonous during wartime. Led to demise of Federalist Party News arrived in Washington at same time as that of New Orleans


 * Treaty of Ghent** (24 December 1814)

Did not specifically address any of the issues for which America went to war. Merely restored the prewar status quo.


 * Consequences of War of 1812**

1. Affirmed the freedom won in the Revolutionary war 2. Strengthened America's resolve to avoid European politics 3. Dealt a serious blow to Indian resistance to American expansion 4. Increased nationalism—renewed feeling of confidence and assertiveness 5. Stimulated economy (capitalists began to invest in home manufactures) 6. Sealed the fate of the Federalists


 * THURSDAY, 15 MARCH 2018**


 * Mood music** for the time period we are studying:

George Washington: playlist of music for the first President http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzOb1pem5nKNZe56DeWLHa0aOK5ZQPoLM

http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/Friday+Songs
 * Friday songs on Thursday** (7 more weeks and we'll be through)


 * I. Prayer/Attendance**

The following Bible verse expresses what I hope to be for you, my dear students:

The Lord is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and rich in love. [Psalm 145:8 NIV]


 * III. Homework for Tuesday, 20 March**

Virtual Field Trip to Monticello: Thomas Jefferson's day []

Battle of New Orleans []

Andrew Jackson https://millercenter.org/president/jackson/impact-and-legacy

Indian Removal []


 * IV. In class today: reaction to homework**

Sedition Act of 1798 Becomes Law (On This Day, Finding Dulcinea) http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/July-August-08/On-this-Day--Sedition-Act-of-1798-Becomes-Law.html

Louisiana Purchase (Today in History, Library of Congress) http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/oct20.html

Meriwether Lewis (The West) http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/i_r/lewis.htm

Sacajawea (The West) http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/s_z/sacagawea.htm


 * V. In class today: new material**


 * Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)**

Video: Proclamation of Neutrality []

Proclamation of Neutrality issued by George Washington. U.S. a small nation; caught in world war between Britain and France U.S. wanted to remain neutral; continue trade with everyone U.S. would act "friendly and impartial" toward the warring powers


 * Democratic–Republican societies**:

A republic==consensus==no factions or disagreements Composed chiefly of artisans and craftsmen Members: Jefferson followers; sympathetic to French Revolution Some 40 such societies organized (1793-1800) Saw themselves as heirs of the Sons of Liberty First grassroots political organizations Opposed to Washington's administration; first formal political dissent []


 * Washington's Farewell Address**

"The great rule of our conduct in regard to foreign nations is to have with them as little political connection as possible."

"It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world."

Hamilton Musical: One Last Time (Washington's Farewell Address) [] Lyrics []


 * The Presidency of John Adams**:

Election of 1796 won by John Adams, but a quirk in Electoral College made Jefferson (opposite political grouping) vice president.

Video: 1796 Election of John Adams []


 * XYZ affair (1798)**

Video: XYZ Affair/Alien and Sedition Acts []

Jay's treaty (between Britain and America) made France jealous France began capturing American ships carrying British goods President Adams sent three commissioners to ask France to stop French demanded a bribe of $250,000 prior to any discussions Americans took this as evidence of French disrespect Anti–French sentiment—even cries for war—swept the country Remember: partisanship between Federalists and Democrat-Republicans Adams held off demand for war

Video: The XYZ Affair ("Careless Whisper" parody) (Mr. Betts) []


 * Quasi–War with France**:

An undeclared naval war began in the Caribbean between warships of the U.S. navy and French privateers seeking to capture American merchant vessels.


 * French–American Convention** (1800):

Ended the Quasi–War Freed America from French Treaty of Alliance Peaceful settlement cost Adams re–election Laid foundation for Louisiana Purchase (1803)


 * Alien and Sedition Acts** (1798):

Video: XYZ Affair/Alien and Sedition Acts []

Federalist attempt to muzzle Jeffersonian-Republicans Political criticism defined as treasonous No concept of loyal opposition First major crisis over civil liberties

Sedition Act of 1798 Becomes Law (On This Day, Finding Dulcinea) []


 * Kentucky and Virginia resolutions**:

Video: Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions []

How could Democrat-Republicans combat Alien and Sedition Acts National-level institutions (President, Congress, Court) controlled by Federalists They therefore turned to only other forum available for protest: state legislatures We the People or We the States Claimed Constitution a compact among states (and not individual citizens) How far could states go in opposing the national government? How could a conflict between the two be resolved? This line of reasoning background to Nullification controversy and Civil War


 * Presidency of Thomas Jefferson**

From 1801–1824, all three American presidents were Republicans and Virginians:

Thomas Jefferson (8 yrs.) James Madison (8 yrs.) James Monroe (8 yrs).

Video: Thomas Jefferson []


 * Jefferson the person**

Virtual Field Trip to Monticello: Thomas Jefferson's day []

[]
 * Jefferson and music**

Musical side of Thomas Jefferson Text [] Video: Colonial Violins [] Video: Jefferson's favorite music [] Video: Music and the Revolution []


 * Jefferson's Empire of liberty**

Jefferson shared with other Americans the belief that the U.S. was destined to expand its "empire of liberty." Most past empires had been run by dictators.


 * Four obstacles to America's empire of liberty** would have to be confronted:

a. French in New Orleans and the Louisiana Territory b. Spanish in Florida and Mexico c. British in Canada d. Native Americans throughout the continent.


 * Presidential Election of 1800**

Hamilton Musical: The Election of 1800 [] Lyrics []

Video: 1800 Election of Thomas Jefferson [] Video: Election of 1800 []

Republicans Jefferson and Burr tied for the election Jefferson selected by Federalist–controlled House of Representatives Peaceful transition of power between political parties New Congress controlled by Democrat-Republicans

Jefferson won election of 1800 (Today in History, Library of Congress) []


 * Louisiana Purchase** (1803)

Great Map:

The obstacle to the "empire of liberty" posed by the French was the first to be overcome.

Louisiana Purchase (Today in History, Library of Congress) []

U.S. paid $15 million to France. Doubled the size of America.

Jefferson compromised his strict constructionist views

Louisiana Purchase (Mr. Betts) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bYaTSImrDxc&feature=youtu.be


 * Lewis and Clark Expedition** (May 1804-Sept 1806)

Here is a terrific map of the total route:

4,000 Miles. Explored extent of Louisiana Purchase: rivers that drain into Mississippi. Began in St. Louis; up the Missouri River to its source Across the Rocky Mountains (Continental Divide) Rivers running east go to Mississippi, those to West to Pacific Ocean Winter camp in Astoria, Oregon

Video: The Corps of Discovery []

Meriwether Lewis (The West) []

Sacagawea (The West) []

Lewis and Clark (Mr. Betts) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2ADwME0c7k&feature=youtu.be


 * War with Barbary pirates** (1801-1815)

Barbary States: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Tripoli (today's Libya). []

Video: Thomas Jefferson, Barbary Coast, Louisiana Purchase []

Pirates attacked U.S. ships in the Mediterranean U.S. got tired of paying protection money U.S. built up its naval and marine capacity Pirates defeated by 1815; no more protection money

Marine Corps Hymn: "To the shores of Tripoli": From the Halls of Montezuma to the Shores of Tripoli; We fight our country's battles in the air, on land and sea; First to fight for right and freedom and to keep our honor clean; We are proud to claim the title of United States Marine.


 * TUESDAY, 13 MARCH 2018**


 * Mood music** for the time period we are studying:

George Washington: playlist of music for the first President http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzOb1pem5nKNZe56DeWLHa0aOK5ZQPoLM


 * I. Prayer/Attendance**

The following Bible verse expresses what I hope to be for you, my dear students:

The Lord is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and rich in love. [Psalm 145:8 NIV]


 * II. Exam #2**

Grading Scale for each of our 4 exams:

A=(average of 67 points) 90% B=(average of 60 points) 80% C=(average of 52 points) 70% D=(average of 45 points) 60%

Semester Grade includes::

Minus points for excess absences

Plus points for participation and contribution to class sessions.


 * III. Homework for Thursday, 15 March**

Sedition Act of 1798 Becomes Law (On This Day, Finding Dulcinea) http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/July-August-08/On-this-Day--Sedition-Act-of-1798-Becomes-Law.html

Louisiana Purchase (Today in History, Library of Congress) http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/oct20.html

Meriwether Lewis (The West) http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/i_r/lewis.htm

Sacagawea (The West) http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/s_z/sacagawea.htm


 * IV. In class today: new material**


 * George Washington**

Video: George Washington: election, precedents, cabinet https://youtu.be/dIM1c3Sp-FE

George Washington http://millercenter.org/president/washington

Video: George Washington bio https://youtu.be/hvE9fb--Dig

Mount Vernon virtual tour http://www.mountvernon.org/the-estate-gardens/the-mansion/mansion-virtual-tour/ http://www.mountvernon.org/site/virtual-tour/

Mount Vernon aerial view http://www.watsonadventures.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Mt-Vernon-aerial-e1337690935701.png


 * Washington elected unanimously**

His Vice President was John Adams

Washington acted cautiously Aware of precedents for the future Only used his veto power when he felt a bill was unconstitutional


 * First Congress** (April 1789):

Members were Federalists—generally


 * Congress succeeded at its four immediate tasks**:

a. Revenue Act of 1789.

Congress adopted a 5 percent tariff on certain imports. Raised sufficient revenue to support the new government.

b. Bill of Rights

Responding to state ratification conventions' call for a bill of rights. James Madison took the lead. First ten amendments to the Constitution passed.

c. Beginnings of a "Cabinet"

Video: The First Cabinet http://youtu.be/2xDrXK9_oyA

1. Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson http://millercenter.org/president/jefferson

2. Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton http://millercenter.org/president/essays/hamilton-1789-secretary-of-the-treasury

Video: Alexander Hamilton http://youtu.be/wlX-Z109UsU

‘Hamilton’ Is Known For Its Music, but What Did Alexander Hamilton Listen To? https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/11/arts/music/hamilton-music-lin-manuel-miranda-los-angeles.html

3. Secretary of War Henry Knox http://millercenter.org/president/essays/knox-1789-secretary-of-war

4. Attorney General Edmund Randolph http://millercenter.org/president/essays/randolph-1789-attorney-general

d. Judiciary Act of 1789.

Organized the federal judiciary. Supreme Court (6 members) District courts (13) Circuit courts of appeal (3)


 * First political party system**:

Both groupings gradually divided into two opposing camps, each accusing the other of having sold out the principles of the Revolution.

I. **Federalists**

Key person: Alexander Hamilton

They began calling themselves Federalists to link themselves with the federal Constitution.

(Washington and Adams were both Federalists.)

Federalist Party (Ohio History Central) http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=887

Supporters: Those in favor of the Constitution during ratification Concentrated in New England

Federalists believed in the following:

a. For a strong national government b. For Central economic planning c. For a National Bank d. For Internal improvements (roads, harbors) e. Wanted a commercially-oriented America: for manufacturing f. In favor of protective tariffs (a tax on imported goods—to protect American industry) g. Who should hold power?: social elite—best interests of the people h. Wanted more order, less liberty: protection of property rights i. For a broad construction==loose interpretation of the Constitution j. Foreign policy: wanted closer ties with Great Britain


 * II. Democrat-Republicans**

Key person: Thomas Jefferson. James Madison his principal associate.

Democrat-Republican Party (Ohio History Central) http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=881&nm=Democratic-Republican-Party

They began calling themselves Republicans, contending that they were the true heirs of the Revolution and that Hamilton was plotting to subvert republican principles.

Supporters:

Anti-federalists during ratification process Southern planters Small farmers south of New England Non–English ethnic groups—Irish, Scots, and Germans Artisans

Their policies were generally the opposite of the Federalists on almost every domestic and foreign policy issue

a. Wanted a limited national government; favored States rights b. Against a National Bank c. Against Internal improvements (roads, harbors) d. Against manufacturing—it would cause slums in cities e. Against protective tariffs f. Wanted an America based more on farming than on factories g. Who should hold power?: the people h. Wanted more liberty, less order i. For a limited construction==tight interpretation of the Constitution j. Foreign policy: wanted closer ties with France


 * Hamilton's economic program**

a. **Report on Public Credit** (1790)

Approved by Congress Consolidate debts at national level==power to national level Debt holders will want national government to Fund foreign and domestic debt at full face value Speculators who paid 10% of face value would get rich Assume remaining debts owed by states Those who had paid off already were mad Deal made to move U.S. capitol to Washington, D.C.

22 "Hamilton" lyrics explained http://mentalfloss.com/article/69731/22-hamilton-lyrics-explained

Hamilton Musical: Cabinet Battle #1 [] Lyrics []

b. **Defense of the Constitutionality of the Bank** (1790)

Congress approved it Hamilton liked the British system: Bank of England Said U.S. need a central bank to facilitate money movements Hamilton: a bank is permitted: loose construction view Can make laws necessary for commerce, taxation, war, etc. Implied powers argument Jefferson: a bank not permitted: strict constitutional view

c. **Report on Manufactures** (Dec 1791)

Congress did not approve it Reverse reliance on Europe for manufactured goods Encourage infant U.S. industries (shoes and textiles) with govt subsidies Tariffs to protect infant industries Promote immigration of technicians and laborer.


 * Whiskey rebellion** (1794)

Video: Whiskey Rebellion http://youtu.be/cCxRzecULXA

Whiskey Rebellion []

Hamilton's economic program required tax on whiskey to fund debt Farmers turned grain into whiskey (easier to ship) Farmers (mostly Democrat-Republicans) in western Pa. refused to pay Challenge to national authority had to be confronted Army sent to disperse the "rebellion" which "faded away like a vapor" Washington believed rebellion politically motivated by Jeffersonians Jeffersonians believed military response unnecessary

Whiskey Rebellion Illustrated - @MrBettsClass https://youtu.be/-x20Hwy_UrY


 * French Revolution**

Meanwhile, developments in foreign affairs magnified the domestic disagreements. Disagreements over the American response to the French revolution led to partisan disagreements. U.S. initially welcomed the French revolution but was bothered by its excesses. (Remember: U.S. was first independent country without a king.)

Hamilton Musical: Cabinet Battle #2 [] Lyrics []

French Revolution (Historian of the State Department) []


 * Genet Affair (1793)**

Video: Genet Affair https://youtu.be/eamzJwHTQd4

Genet tried to get America to support the French against the British.

America wanted to remain neutral.

Genet Affair (1793) https://history.state.gov/milestones/1784-1800/citizen-genet


 * Proclamation of Neutrality** (April 1793)

Video: Proclamation of Neutrality http://youtu.be/mvv51TJvDe0

Proclamation of Neutrality issued by George Washington. U.S. a small nation; caught in world war between Britain and France U.S. wanted to remain neutral; continue trade with everyone U.S. would act "friendly and impartial" toward the warring powers


 * Democratic–Republican societies**:

A republic==consensus==no factions or disagreements Composed chiefly of artisans and craftsmen Members: Jefferson followers; sympathetic to French Revolution Some 40 such societies organized (1793-1800) Saw themselves as heirs of the Sons of Liberty First grassroots political organizations Opposed to Washington's administration; first formal political dissent http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Societies


 * Washington's Farewell Address**

"The great rule of our conduct in regard to foreign nations is to have with them as little political connection as possible."

"It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world."

Hamilton Musical: One Last Time (Washington's Farewell Address) [] Lyrics []


 * SEMESTER BREAK**

THURSDAY, 8 MARCH TUESDAY, 6 MARCH


 * THURSDAY, 1 MARCH 2018**


 * EXAM #2**

God bless you, dear ones!

http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/Friday+Songs
 * Friday songs on Thursday** (9 more weeks and we'll be through)


 * TUESDAY, 27 FEBRUARY 2018**


 * Mood Music** from the time period we are studying:


 * I. Prayer/Attendance**

The following Bible verse expresses what I hope to be for you, my dear students:

The Lord is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and rich in love. [Psalm 145:8 NIV]


 * II. Exam #2**

It will be on Thursday, 1 March

Same format as Exam #1.

A study guide is available on the following wiki page: http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/HIST+151+Exam+2+S18


 * III. In class today: reaction to homework**

Benjamin Franklin a. Ben A to Z http://www.pbs.org/benfranklin/az.html b. Health http://www.pbs.org/benfranklin/l3_inquiring_medical.html c. Inventions http://www.pbs.org/benfranklin/l3_inquiring_little.html d. Glass Armonica http://www.pbs.org/benfranklin/l3_inquiring_glass.html Video: Glass armonica https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8D9BBMDWoNM&feature=youtu.be e. Post Office http://www.pbs.org/benfranklin/l3_world_letters.html f. France http://www.pbs.org/benfranklin/l3_world_france.html


 * IV. In class today: new material**


 * Convention itself**

Video: Intro to the Constitutional Convention http://youtu.be/_JDF0WWW13A

Where: Philadelphia

When: May–Sept 1787

Delegates to the Federal (Grand) Convention are considered to be: Founding Fathers Framers of the Constitution


 * Convention itself**

http://www.teachingamericanhistory.org/convention/
 * Constitutional Convention (Gordon Lloyd website)**

http://www.teachingamericanhistory.org/convention/delegates/
 * Individual Biography Master Page**

George Washington Benjamin Franklin Edmund Randolph George Mason James Madison Roger Sherman John Dickinson William Paterson Alexander Hamilton

http://teachingamericanhistory.org/convention/christy/
 * Scene at the signing of the Constitution**

http://www.teachingamericanhistory.org/convention/summary.html
 * Overall Timeline**

http://www.teachingamericanhistory.org/convention/debates/
 * James Madison's Notes Master Calendar**


 * Key people who were not delegates at the convention**
 * Thomas Jefferson (ambassador to France)
 * John Adams (ambassador to England)
 * Patrick Henry ("smelled a rat")


 * Procedural rules crucial to the outcome**:

a. Absolute secrecy

June 6. James Madison to Thomas Jefferson. He is restrained by rules of confidentiality, but what we do here "will in some way or other have a powerful effect on our destiny." [See last paragraph of this letter] []

b. OK to reopen questions

c. Only a majority vote of states required to approve provisions [Bypassed the 9/13 rule of the Articles of Confederation]


 * James Madison—his vital role**:

Well prepared: Studied comparative governments historically

Analyzed our existing government in his essay entitled "Vices of the Political System of the United States"

Took notes during entire Convention

Often called the "Father of the Constitution" He later became the Fourth President of the United States

James Madison (Today in History, Library of Congress) http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/mar16.html


 * Virginia Plan**

Goal: Replace the Articles of Confederation [] Go to the paragraph beginning with "Mr. Randolph then opened the main business."

Presented by Edmund Randolph of Virginia, but the creation of James Madison.

Large states liked this plan

Two–house legislature:

Lower house elected directly by the people Upper house selected by the lower

Proportional representation in both houses

"National" executive with "supreme" powers "National" executive to be chosen by legislature; (electoral college)

National judiciary—became basis of Supreme Court

Congressional veto over state laws.

Let's see an example of how the delegates processed this Virginia Plan on Thursday, May 31, 1787:

Overall Timeline http://www.teachingamericanhistory.org/convention/summary.html

Madison's Notes Master Calendar http://www.teachingamericanhistory.org/convention/debates/

Virginia Plan example Thursday, May 31 http://www.teachingamericanhistory.org/convention/debates/0531.html


 * New Jersey plan (Patterson Plan)**

Goal: Just amend the Articles of Confederation

On June 15, William Paterson submitted the New Jersey Plan http://teachingamericanhistory.org/convention/debates/0615-2/

It scrapped all the popular representation provisions of the Virginia Plan

Small states liked this plan

One–house legislature Each state would have an equal vote Only a modestly stronger national government


 * Major disagreement over the two plans**

Convention almost split up.

On Thursday, June 28, **Benjamin Franklin** suggested that the members should pray. But let's look at how his proposal turned out. [] Scroll down 2/3 of the way to "Mr. President"
 * A bit of a digression:**


 * Great [Connecticut] Compromise (16 July 1787)**

The Great Compromise (Drake's "Hotline Bling" Parody) []

Convention had almost collapsed because of the large state/small state split over representation.

The Great Compromise reconciled the Virginia and New Jersey plans: Key authors were Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth. []

1. Lower House

Proportional representation Members elected directly by the people

2. Upper house

Each state had two members Equal votes per state (so they thought) Elected by state legislatures (1916: direct election)


 * Three–Fifths clause**

Issue of proportional representation now became a stumbling block to the delegates.

How to allocate lower house representation among the states? This question divided states between slave/free rather than state size Slaves to count as "three–fifths" of a person for representation South gained power: House of Representatives & electoral college


 * Other constitutional protections for slavery**

Congress prohibited from outlawing slave trade for twenty years Fugitive slave clause: states must return runaways to masters. National troops can help put down states' "domestic violence"


 * Presidency**

Decisions on presidential powers made in light of the presumed first president: George Washington.


 * Court system**

Judicial powers not as fully outlined as legislative and executive.


 * Separation of powers**

Power balancing power. Gridlock intentionally built in.

Checks and balances both horizontal and vertical:

Horizontal: President, Congress, and Supreme Court.

Vertical: Federalism—balance between national and state levels


 * Ratification (approval) Conventions**:

Material from Gordon Lloyd's Teaching American History website is taken from: []

Ratification of the Constitution required approval of nine states

Most state legislatures were only willing to revise the Articles

The question became: How to bypass the state legislatures.

The solution: State constitutional conventions—people selected convention delegates

Rationale: Since a constitution more important than normal legislation, it should not be passed by regular legislative process.


 * Two general groupings arose out of the ratification convention**s:

//**Federalists**//: []

Called themselves Federalists, not nationalists.
 * Wanted a strong national government
 * Supported the Constitution as drafted
 * Promised a Bill of Rights after ratification

//**Antifederalists**//:
 * Wanted strong state governments as chief protectors of individual rights
 * Opposed the Constitution as drafted
 * Demanded a Bill of Rights to protect individuals from national government

[]
 * Federalist Papers**:

Video: Federalist Papers (2:51) http://youtu.be/hf_F6iYYx2U

1. Written primarily for the ratification battle in New York 2. Published anonymously (Publius) 3. Actually written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay 4. Classic of political theory 5. Original intent issue 6. What was in the mind of the Framers? 7. Plus Madison's notes

Two of the most famous of the Federalist essays:

Federalist 10 []

Federalist 51 []


 * Antifederalists**

We should not dismiss the views of the Antifederalists. Those views still have relevance today.

The following paragraphs are taken from Gordon Lloyd's "Introduction to The Antifederalists" []

The expression of discontent over the last fifty years about American politics has an ominous ring, revealing the widespread Antifederal mood in the electorate.

Among the dramatic changes in recent American politics are the alarming alienation of the citizenry from the electoral system, the increased presence of the centralized Administrative State, and the dangerous consequences of an activist judiciary that openly thwarts the deliberate sense of the majority.

These are all Antifederalist concerns about the tyranny of politicians.

The term limits movement of the late twentieth century demonstrates that the Antifederalist message—keep your representatives on a short leash, otherwise you will lose your freedom—still resonates with the American people, because Antifederalism is very much part of the American political experience.

When we hear the claim that our representatives operate independently of the people, and that the Congress fails to represent the broad cross-section of interests in America, we are hearing an echo of the Antifederalist critique of representation.

When we hear that the federal government has spawned a vast and irresponsive administrative bureaucracy that interferes too much with the life of American citizens, we are reminded of the warnings of the Antifederalists concerning consolidated government.

They warn that, in effect, executive orders, executive privileges, and executive agreements will create the "Imperial Presidency." And they warn that an activist judiciary will undermine the deliberate sense of the majority.

The criticism that Americans have abandoned a concern for their religious heritage and neglected the importance of local customs, habits, and morals, recalls the Antifederalist dependence upon self-restraint and self-reliance. When we hear a concern for the passing of decentralization—old time federalism—we are hearing the Antifederalist lament.

[]
 * Ratification (approval) vote**:

The proposed Constitution was not overwhelmingly popular.

Debate in the state constitutional ratifying conventions was spirited.

Some state votes were close:
 * Massachusetts (187–168)
 * New Hampshire (57–46)
 * New York (30–27)
 * Virginia (89–79)

But the Constitution was ultimately approved!


 * THURSDAY, 22 FEBRUARY 2018**

http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/Friday+Songs
 * Friday songs on Thursday** (10 more weeks and we'll be through)


 * Mood Music:**

Fife and Drum Music of the Revolutionary War http://youtu.be/yTDOoXd6EXs

American Revolutionary War Medley (Carmel Brass) http://youtu.be/f6S-nuWnXz0

Shays' Rebellion - "Over the hills and far away" []


 * I. Prayer/Attendance**

The following Bible verse expresses what I hope to be for you, my dear students:

The Lord is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and rich in love. [Psalm 145:8 NIV]


 * II. Exam #2**

It will be on Thursday, 1 March

Same format as Exam #1.

A study guide is available on the following wiki page: http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/HIST+151+Exam+2+S18


 * III. Homework for Tuesday, 27 February**

Benjamin Franklin a. Ben A to Z http://www.pbs.org/benfranklin/az.html b. Health http://www.pbs.org/benfranklin/l3_inquiring_medical.html c. Inventions http://www.pbs.org/benfranklin/l3_inquiring_little.html d. Glass Armonica http://www.pbs.org/benfranklin/l3_inquiring_glass.html Video: Glass armonica https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8D9BBMDWoNM&feature=youtu.be e. Post Office http://www.pbs.org/benfranklin/l3_world_letters.html f. France http://www.pbs.org/benfranklin/l3_world_france.html


 * IV. In class today: reaction to homework**

Declaration of Independence in historical context http://founding.com/the-declaration/historical-context-2/


 * V. In class today: new material**


 * Washington "crossed the Delaware" River (26 December 1776)**

Attacked Trenton and won a surprising victory These victories cheered American spirits

Video: Battle of Trenton [end half way] http://youtu.be/aikcZZRhR40


 * Battle of Saratoga (September 1777)**

Battle of Saratoga (Today in History, Library of Congress) http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/sep19.html

a. British invaded New York to cut off New England from rest of colonies b. British General Burgoyne surrendered 6,000 troops c. American victory led to French recognition of American independence

Video: Surrender at Saratoga and Treaty with France http://youtu.be/0zmxZCGLkbY

Video: Benedict Arnold: militant patriot Early years http://youtu.be/JIyJU9hXP68

Video: Benedict Arnold: hero of Saratoga http://youtu.be/3qFCwiRdkhY

Video: Daniel Morgan at Saratoga Elite corps of snipers http://youtu.be/W6nZEXpHHjA


 * Franco–American Treaty of Alliance** (1778)

Treaty of Alliance with France 1778 (Today in History, Library of Congress) http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/feb06.html

Treaty of alliance brought France into war on American side:

a. Americans had mixed feelings b. France had been major enemy in past c. French were Catholic d. But French were anxious to avenge their defeat in the French and Indian War

French help was critically important to the overall Patriot victory against the British. The **Marquis de Lafayette** was critical in that entire effort.

Guns and ships (Hamilton musical) [] Lyrics http://atlanticrecords.com/HamiltonMusic/

Marquis de Lafayette []

10 things you may not know about the **Marquis de Lafayette** http://www.history.com/news/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-marquis-de-lafayette

Officers developed intense commitment to the revolutionary cause
 * Treason of Benedict Arnold (21 September 1780)**

Arnold betrayed the cause (History.com) http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/benedict-arnold-commits-treason

Arnold bio sketch []


 * Fighting moved to the south**

British had taken key cities in the North:
 * Boston
 * Newport, Rhode Island
 * New York City (their headquarters for most of the war)
 * Philadelphia

But still the British were not stopping the Patriots

British thought they would have better success in the South


 * Battle of Charleston** (South Carolina) (1780)

Results were the reverse of Saratoga.

Americans surrendered 5,000 troops to the British.


 * Patriot General Nathanael Greene**

Nathanael Greene (Today in History, Library of Congress) http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/aug07.html

He was a Quaker He operated effectively in the South against the British militarily. But he was much more than just a military man. He showed tolerance for the problems of loyalists and Indians.


 * British Surrender at Yorktown** (1781)

Battle of Yorktown https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown

Cornwallis Surrender at Yorktown (Today in History, Library of Congress) http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/oct19.html

a. British General Cornwallis trapped on Tidewater peninsula

b. American and French armies surrounded him on land.

c. French navy defeated British rescue effort off Chesapeake Bay

d. Great American victory.: George Washington was the victorious American commander.

Video: Victory at Yorktown http://youtu.be/Dx_bzlDaC0o

e. Alexander Hamilton at Yorktown

History has its eyes on you (Hamilton musical) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-nmqQlW-sMo&feature=youtu.be Lyrics http://atlanticrecords.com/HamiltonMusic/

Yorktown: The World Turned Upside Down (Hamilton musical) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WQt1RRW_xv0&index=1&list=RDWQt1RRW_xv0 Lyrics http://atlanticrecords.com/HamiltonMusic/

The World Turned Upside Down https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_Turned_Upside_Down


 * Peace Treaty of Paris** (1783)

American diplomats: Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay Won a tremendous settlement for America

Video: Treaty of Paris (1783) https://youtu.be/fdlkx7QKaPw

a. England recognized American independence b. Britain kept Canada—but reduced to its original boundaries before Quebec Act c. U.S. got all territory east of the Mississippi d. Britain ignored territorial rights of its Indian allies e. French GOT NOTHING out of the peace treaty

Great map: http://ushistoryvocab.weebly.com/treaty-of-paris-1783.html


 * New major topic: Road to the American Constitution**


 * Articles of Confederation**:

The first American constitution Codified the way the Second Continental Congress operated Government was unwieldy and inefficient

Like a League of Friendship Compare it to the Confederacy during Civil War. Compare it to U.S. participation in the United Nations.


 * Features of the Articles of Confederation:**

1. No strong central government 2. Sovereignty and independence retained by states 3. One house in Continental Congress—each state had an equal vote 4. State control of Congressional delegation
 * Delegates selected by state legislatures
 * Delegates paid by states
 * Delegates had one-year terms, up to a maximum of 3 terms

5. Nine of thirteen states' votes required for normal legislation 6. All 13 states' votes needed to amend the articles itself 7. No separate executive branch to administer the government 8. No national-level court system 9. No power to levy taxes 10. No authority to regulate commerce 11. No strong, centralized military


 * Land Ordinance of 1785**

Land Ordinance of 1785 (Ohio History Central) []

Land to be surveyed in a regular grid pattern Outlined process through which land could be sold to settlers Land sales helped fund national government


 * Northwest Ordinance of 1787**

Confederation Congress successful in one thing: legislation for Northwest Territory Today's states of Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio

Abolished slavery in Northwest territory Guaranteed freedom of religion within the territory Defined how formal governments would be organized: When 6,000 settlers: territorial status When 60,000 settlers: apply for statehood New states would join Union on equal footing with original thirteen

Northwest Ordinance (Ohio History Central) []


 * Why did we have what became known as the Constitutional Convention?**

Many American leaders felt that the laws of the Confederation government were not adequate to run the country.


 * Shay's Rebellion** (January 1787)

Convinced many political leaders that the nation's problems extended far beyond trade policy. Massachusetts farmers angered by high taxes and the scarcity of money. They took up arms to protest. Led by Daniel Shays Used same arguments Patriots had used against the British. Was this protest a forerunner of similar revolts in other locations?

Video: Shays' Rebellion http://youtu.be/Ah25qxM28nY


 * Convention itself**

Video: Into to the Constitutional Convention http://youtu.be/_JDF0WWW13A

Where: Philadelphia

When: May–Sept 1787

Delegates to the Federal (Grand) Convention are considered to be: Founding Fathers Framers of the Constitution


 * TUESDAY, 20 FEBRUARY 2018**


 * Mood Music:**

Fife and Drum Music of the Revolutionary War http://youtu.be/yTDOoXd6EXs

American Revolutionary War Medley (Carmel Brass) http://youtu.be/f6S-nuWnXz0

Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bku99mj5kC0


 * I. Prayer/Attendance**

The following Bible verse expresses what I hope to be for you, my dear students:

The Lord is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and rich in love. [Psalm 145:8 NIV]


 * II. Exam #2**

It will be on Thursday, 1 March

Same format as Exam #1.

A study guide is available on the following wiki page: http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/HIST+151+Exam+2+S18


 * III. Homework for Thursday, 22 February**

Declaration of Independence in historical context http://founding.com/the-declaration/historical-context-2/


 * IV. In class today: reaction to homework**

[] Read the Introductory paragraphs Read "Resistance to Tyranny a Christian Duty" Read "Revolution Understood in Scriptural Terms" Read "Revolution Justified by God" Read "A Fighting Parson" Scan the remainder of the screen
 * A.** Religion and the American Revolution (Library of Congress)

[]
 * B.** Was The American Revolution a Holy War?


 * V. In class today: new material**


 * Coercive Acts (1774)**

Called Intolerable Acts by the colonists

Coercive Acts (Massachusetts Historical Society) __ [] __

Video: Coercive (Intolerable) Acts http://youtu.be/AA3gvcI58_Q

Intolerable Acts https://www.bostonteapartyship.com/the-intolerable-acts

Americans convinced British planned to take away their liberty.

Boston Port Bill: Port of Boston closed to shipping until tea was paid for.

Lord North was the British official most closely associated with the Boston Port Bill.

Lord North (Victorian Web) http://www.victorianweb.org/history/pms/north.html

a. Massachusetts Government Act

Altered the Massachusetts charter Substituted an appointed council for an elected one Increased the powers of the Governor Halted most town meetings.

b. Justice Act

British officials would be sent to England for trial.

c. Quartering Act

British military commanders could house their troops in private dwellings.


 * Quebec Act (1774)**

Intended to ease strains of British conquest of the former French colony.

Quebec Act map http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_Act http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Province_of_Quebec_1774.gif

Catholics granted greater religious freedom. Representative assembly abolished. Canada boundary extended to Ohio River. Many American colonists coveted this land.


 * Results thus far** in the arguments between the British government and the colonies:

Colonists worried over precedents of Coercive Acts and Quebec Act. Both Acts made colonists fear that Britain had a deliberate plan to oppress the American colonies.

BUT: few people wanted to take hasty action. Most patriots remained loyal to Britain and hoped for reconciliation Colonists agreed to send delegates to Philadelphia to attend a Continental Congress to consider an appropriate response.


 * REVOLUTIONARY WAR**


 * The American Revolution required patriot leaders to do three things** :
 * Establish a coalition in favor of independence
 * Gain foreign recognition.
 * Triumph over the British army


 * First Continental Congress** (Philadelphia, Sept 1774)

First Continental Congress (Massachusetts Historical Society) []

Video: First Continental Congress https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PbGDKitNf04&feature=youtu.be

1. Declaration of Rights and Grievances Colonists would obey normal laws of British Parliament Colonists would not obey taxes in disguise (like Townshend Duties)

2. Continental Association Boycott of English goods

3. Committees of Observation & Inspection Committee members (7000) assigned to monitor boycott, Became, in effect, the local leaders of the American resistance.

Independence was being won at the local level, without formal acknowledgement and without much bloodshed.
 * Provincial conventions** :

Popularly elected congresses took over government in each colony

These conventions
 * a. elected delegates to the Second Continental Congress
 * b. organized militia units
 * c. gathered arms and ammunition
 * d. collected taxes


 * Choosing sides**

Which side do you think you would have been on?

1. **Patriots** (40% of population)

Americans who were against the British

Video: Loyalists and Patriots http://youtu.be/aWWBOStYHQs

To win, Patriots had to neutralize or defeat potential internal enemies.

2. **Loyalists** (20% of population)

Loyalists were Americans who remained loyal to the British:


 * British–appointed government officials
 * Merchants whose trade depended on British connections
 * Anglican (Church of England) ministers

100,000 loyalists left America, many to Canada

3. **Neutrals** (40% of population)

Those who tried to remain in the middle


 * Sincere pacifists (Quakers)
 * Those who supported whoever controlled their area
 * Those who simply wanted to be left alone

4. **African–Americans**

Slaves sought freedom by supporting the British. British eventually took away 55,000 slaves Colonies with highest slave %—less support for revolution.

5. **Indians**

Both British and patriots tried to keep Indians neutral Indians bitter at aggressive expansionism of colonists Most taking sides supported British—less threat than Patriots


 * British military planners made three erroneous assumptions** :

1. Americans would not stand up to professional troops

2. English could fight a conventional war as they would in Europe

3. Military victory would be sufficient to win the struggle


 * Paul Revere's Ride** (April 1775)

Video: Paul Revere's Ride (N.W.A.'s "Straight Outta Compton" Parody) (2:05) http://youtu.be/0tuG4SuTscA

Paul Revere's account of his ride []

Video: Boston History in a Minute: Paul Revere's Ride http://youtu.be/vC2gh0aLzCU

Paul Revere's Ride Three riders were Paul Revere, Samuel Prescott, and Richard Dawes [| http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/March-April-08/Paul-Revere-Begins-Midnight-Ride.html]

Video: The truth about Paul Revere's ride http://youtu.be/QeQGWTBl2x8


 * Battles of Lexington and Concord** (April 1775).

Lexington and Concord (Massachusetts Historical Society) []

Video: Minute Men http://youtu.be/LNCCth1McJ0

Video: General Thomas Gage Prior to Lexington http://youtu.be/qdfRNEpme6w

Good map in the Wikipedia account of the battle [scroll 25% of the way down the screen] []

Results: Colonial victory (note casualties and losses


 * Battle of Bunker Hill** (June 1775)

Battle of Bunker Hill (Massachusetts Historical Society) []

Results: Technically a British victory, but their casualties were huge.

Boston History in a Minute: Battle of Bunker Hill http://youtu.be/bHQUJUN9izA

British account of Bunker Hill []


 * Boston siege**

Patriot troops surrounded British in Boston for next year


 * Second Continental Congress**

Convened in May 1775 at Philadelphia

Second Continental Congress (Massachusetts Historical Society) []

a. Became the inter colonial government during American Revolution b. Authorized the printing of money c. Established a committee to supervise relations with foreign countries d. Created the Continental Army e. Washington, from the South, appointed commanding general

Edmund Burke speech on conciliation with America (March 22, 1775) []


 * Washington takes command of the Continental Army**

Washington as Commander (Massachusetts Historical Society) []

Video: George Washington bio https://youtu.be/hvE9fb--Dig


 * Thomas Paine: //Common Sense//** (Jan 1776)

a. Wildly popular book b. Helped Americans accept the idea of separation from Britain c. Advocated creation of an independent republic d. Downplayed benefits of links to mother country e. Insisted Britain had exploited colonies unmercifully f. Americans hated Parliament, but thought King was sympathetic g. Paine disagreed: h. King was a royal brute i. King only pretended to care for the colonist's welfare

Video: Thomas Paine and Common Sense http://youtu.be/rItLF_ulgTo

Video: Common Sense (Justin Timberlake's "Can't Stop the Feeling" Parody) (3:07) http://youtu.be/nhYUyniqWlo


 * ALL OF THE ABOVE TOOK PLACE BEFORE ANY DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE**


 * Declaration of Independence** (July 4, 1776)

Declaration of Independence (Massachusetts Historical Society) http://www.masshist.org/revolution/declarations.php

Declaration of Independence in historical context http://founding.com/the-declaration/historical-context-2/

a. Noted committee members: Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin The two other members were Roger Sherman and Robert Livingston

Video: Thomas Jefferson bio https://youtu.be/uAt1YLP3T34


 * Jefferson was chosen to draft the Declaration**

a. He wrote well

He had recently drafted the Virginia state constitution

b. Colonists no longer could accept legitimacy of Parliament

c. Declaration concentrated on King George III as the villain

The King had attempted to destroy representative government.

The King oppressed Americans by excessive force.

d. All men are created equal: principle to live up to

e. Signers of the Declaration at great risk: treason.

John Hancock's big signature: "King won't need his spectacles"

Boston History in a Minute: John Hancock http://youtu.be/zcHCQI_kxKs


 * Lineup of opponents during the war itself** :

a. War took place on several levels

Regular troops: British against Patriots

Irregular troops: Partisan warfare (Patriots versus Loyalists)

b. Fighting moved chronologically from North to South:
 * New England
 * Middle colonies
 * Southern colonies


 * Continental army**

a. Never numbered more than 18,500 men b. Included black (5,000) troops c. Short–term militiamen helped in their own area d. Women traveled with the army

Who: wives and widows of poor soldiers Doing what: cooks, nurses, and launderers


 * Valley Forge: Patriot winter camp (close to Philadelphia)**

Video: Valley Forge Stop at small pox http://youtu.be/T-7pd11Qtfw

Diary of a Surgeon at Valley Forge 1777 []

Picture: Valley Forge cabin used by soldiers http://flintlockandtomahawk.blogspot.com/2009/12/valley-forge-cabin.html

Time for needed training (**Baron von Steuben**)

General Von Steuben (National Park Service) http://www.nps.gov/vafo/historyculture/vonsteuben.htm

Video: Baron von Steuben https://youtu.be/acsra7kGC9M

Video: 10 things you may not know about the **Marquis de Lafayette** http://www.history.com/news/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-marquis-de-lafayette


 * THURSDAY, 15 FEBRUARY 2018**


 * Mood Music:**

Fife and Drum Music of the Revolutionary War http://youtu.be/yTDOoXd6EXs

American Revolutionary War Medley (Carmel Brass) http://youtu.be/f6S-nuWnXz0

Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bku99mj5kC0

http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/Friday+Songs
 * Friday songs on Thursday** (11 more weeks and we'll be through)


 * I. Prayer/Attendance**

The following Bible verse expresses what I hope to be for you, my dear students:

The Lord is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and rich in love. [Psalm 145:8 NIV]

Dani Boren
 * II. Study Abroad: Lithuania**


 * III. Exam #2**

It will be on Thursday, 1 March

Same format as Exam #1.

A study guide will be available on the following wiki page: http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/HIST+151+Exam+2+S18


 * IV. Homework for Tuesday, 20 February**

[] Read the Introductory paragraphs Read "Resistance to Tyranny a Christian Duty" asserted by Jonathan Mayhew Read "Revolution Understood in Scriptural Terms" Read "Revolution Justified by God" Read "A Fighting Parson" Scan the remainder of the screen
 * A.** Religion and the American Revolution (Library of Congress)

[]
 * B.** Was The American Revolution a Holy War?


 * V. In class today: reaction to homework**

Townshend Acts (Massachusetts Historical Society) [| http://www.masshist.org/revolution/townshend.php]

Boston Massacre (Massachusetts Historical Society) [| http://www.masshist.org/revolution/massacre.php]

Committees of Correspondence (Massachusetts Historical Society) []

Boston Tea Party: Eyewitness account by George Hewes []


 * VI. In class today: new material**


 * Sons of Liberty**

Colonial elites wanted to control the protests against unpopular laws. They created an inter-colonial association, the Sons of Liberty, to protest the Stamp Act. In subsequent U.S. history, groups who want to protest government action often will call themselves Sons of Liberty.

Video: Sons of Liberty http://youtu.be/1llyjAoDYYg

Sons of Liberty []

Sons of Liberty Indian disguise https://www.bostonteapartyship.com/boston-tea-party-disguise

Flip, a Trendy Colonial Cocktail http://youtu.be/iSFuc71vkzI

Green Dragon Tavern: Sons of Liberty met there during the Revolution http://youtu.be/jpuf7sSXkdw

http://www.findingdulcinea.com/features/profiles/a/samuel-adams.html
 * Samuel Adams**

Boston History in a Minute: Samuel Adams http://youtu.be/WA6zBKSZh-w


 * Liberty Tree**

Video: Johnny Tremain: Liberty Tree https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZNzApsp1ZSQ&feature=youtu.be

Liberty Tree http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_Tree

Boston History in a Minute: Liberty Tree http://youtu.be/gVBCq9LyOcE

[]
 * Tarring and Feathering**

Bostonians paying the excise man cartoon Tarring and feathering http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6806


 * Non-importation association**

The first attempts to use an economic boycott to pressure British exporters to demand repeal of the Stamp Act

Non-consumption and non-importation http://www.masshist.org/revolution/non_importation.php . Boston Non-Importation Agreement []


 * Townshend Acts (1767)**

Townshend Acts (Massachusetts Historical Society) [| http://www.masshist.org/revolution/townshend.php]

Video: Townshend Acts http://youtu.be/ddos2J7pk4I

Video: Patrick Henry: Townshend Duties http://youtu.be/SC0DBVTPV4E

Liberty Song http://www.masshist.org/revolution/doc-viewer.php?old=1&mode=nav&item_id=288

Video: Liberty Song https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OvLdawL3wHM&feature=youtu.be

1. British officials searched for new ways to generate revenue to help pay war debts from French and Indian War.

2. The passage of the Townshend Acts drew a swift response from the colonists, who were now less hesitant and better organized.

3. Townshend Acts provided as follows:
 * Duties on goods (paper, glass, tea) imported from Britain to the colonies
 * Proceeds would pay salaries for some royal officials in the colonies
 * American Board of Customs Commissioners (based in Boston)
 * Added vice–admiralty courts in Boston, Philadelphia, and Charleston


 * Boston "Massacre"** (5 March 1770)

British troops assigned to Boston to protect Customs Commissioners. Tensions in a military garrison town: soldiers took local jobs Was this a "massacre"?

John Adams was the Patriot lawyer who defended the British troops involved in the "massacre."

Boston Massacre (Massachusetts Historical Society) [| http://www.masshist.org/revolution/massacre.php]

Boston Massacre []

Video: Boston Massacre http://youtu.be/I14sSjuC3ms

Video: Boston Massacre: A Memestory (Mr. Betts) https://youtu.be/JI9ZvG8RuRI


 * Townshend Duties Repealed (12 April 1770)**

Townshend Duties Repealed/Non-Importation (Massachusetts Historical Society) []

Repeal (History.com) []

Parliament revoked all the duties except that on tea. (This will be a cause of the Boston Tea Party)

The other Townshend provisions remained in effect.


 * Committees of Correspondence**

Committees of Correspondence (Massachusetts Historical Society) []

Committees of Correspondence https://www.bostonteapartyship.com/committees-of-correspondence

Widen geographic scope of resistance movement.


 * Boston Tea Party (1773)**

Boston tea party ships and museum home page https://www.bostonteapartyship.com/

Boston Tea Party (Massachusetts Historical Society) []

Video: Boston Tea Party [Has good material on Tea Act, Indian disguise] https://youtu.be/nqsrukfGAo4

Video: Boston Tea Party http://youtu.be/PbEWMDd0rI8

Sons of Liberty Indian disguise https://www.bostonteapartyship.com/boston-tea-party-disguise

Video: The Boston (Google+) Tea Party (Mr. Betts) http://youtu.be/PC_w4M2W3pI


 * Tea Act** (May 1773)

Tea Act https://www.bostonteapartyship.com/the-tea-act

Video: Tea Act of 1773 http://youtu.be/fVDKf8s-xBU

1. Monopoly: British East India Company sell off surplus tea to America 2. Patriots were making money smuggling tea from Holland. 3. Patriots feared precedent of paying even a small tax on tea.


 * Tea Party itself:**

Tea destroyed worth almost $1 million. Colonists refused to pay for the tea.

Eyewitness account by George Hewes []


 * TUESDAY, 13 FEBRUARY 2018**


 * Mood Music:**

Fife and Drum Music of the Revolutionary War http://youtu.be/yTDOoXd6EXs

American Revolutionary War Medley (Carmel Brass) http://youtu.be/f6S-nuWnXz0

Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bku99mj5kC0


 * I. Prayer/Attendance**

What I hope to be for you, my dear students:

The Lord is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and rich in love, [Psalm 145:8 NIV]


 * II. Homework for Thursday, 15 February**

Townshend Acts (Massachusetts Historical Society) [| http://www.masshist.org/revolution/townshend.php]

Boston Massacre (Massachusetts Historical Society) [| http://www.masshist.org/revolution/massacre.php]

Committees of Correspondence (Massachusetts Historical Society) []

Boston Tea Party: Eyewitness account by George Hewes []


 * III. In class today: new material**


 * ROAD TO REVOLUTION**

Major themes along the Road to Revolution:
 * Development and spread of the colonial resistance movement
 * British actions
 * Colonists' responses


 * King George III** (1760–1820)

New young king; various prime ministers. [I can't find a good, short video about him.]


 * Pontiac's uprising** (1763)

Indian chief led Indian uprisings in the Ohio region to kick out colonists. British troops unable to defend the frontier against him.

Good map

Pontiac's Rebellion (History.com | 5/7/1763)) http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/pontiacs-rebellion-begins


 * Proclamation Line of 1763**

Good map https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Proclamation_of_1763

Video: Proclamation of 1763 []

Proclamation Line of 1763 (Historian of the State Department) https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/proclamation-line-1763

British tried to keep colonists out of land west of Appalachian Mountains British wanted to protect Indians British wanted to slow down land speculation . But many colonists had already settled west of the Proclamation Line They refused to respect the line.

Causes of the American Revolution (Mr.Betts) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TcDxSICplPE&feature=youtu.be


 * Ideological conflicts between Britain and the North American colonies**


 * a) Conflict over the nature of political representation**


 * English view**:
 * Parliament collectively represented the entire nation
 * Member of Parliament voted on best interests of nation not his district.
 * Virtual representation: colonists were represented even if not there in person


 * Colonists' views**:
 * Advocated individual representation.
 * Legislator instructions
 * Represented only the regions that had elected them.


 * b) Conflicts over the role of a national government.**

1. Colonists saw conspiracies in England that threatened to take away their liberties.

Colonists believed that a central government should have only limited authority over people.

Colonists felt the need for perpetual vigilance to ensure that monarchs do not corrupt and oppress the people, encroach on their liberty, and seize their property

Tyranny https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tyranny

2. Colonists believed that there was an important link between liberty and property rights:


 * Excessive and unjust taxation could take away personal freedom.
 * No taxation without representation idea, but more subtle.
 * Not so much the amount of taxation, but who did the taxing.

No taxation without representation []


 * Sugar Act** (1764)

Sugar Act (Massachusetts Historical Society) []

Sugar Act song https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxdHoyHpVRI&feature=youtu.be

Sugar Act (1764) The Sugar Act and Triangular Trade http://youtu.be/SXJ_Zde4hjg

New British Prime Minister George Grenville He felt that colonists should pay a greater share of costs of empire. Particularly pay back costs of French and Indian War.

American protests limited largely to New England merchants Navigation Acts OK Collection of revenue not OK

Video: Mercantilism []


 * Currency Act** (1764)

[I can't find a good, short video about the Currency Act.]

British merchants complained that Americans were paying their debts in inflated local currencies.

Currency Act outlawed colonial issues of paper money.

The Sugar and Currency Acts hit an economy already in the midst of depression.

Lacking any precedent for a united campaign against Parliament, Americans in 1764 took only hesitant and uncoordinated steps of protest.


 * Stamp Act** (1765)

Stamp Act ((1765) http://youtu.be/iaZflP5So8o

Stamp Act summary http://www.history.org/history/teaching/tchcrsta.cfm

Stamp Act (Massachusetts Historical Society) []

Modeled on a law in effect in Britain for over a century.

Three aspects to remember:

Stamp Act required tax stamps on most printed material Tax stamps had to be paid for in cash (scarce) Violators would be tried in vice admiralty courts (no juries).

Thomas Hutchinson, the American-born, Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts: his home was trashed by a rioting mob angry at the Stamp Act?

Video: Stamp Act Riots (1:00) Destruction of Thomas Hutchinson's house http://youtu.be/8QRcOIyT1iE


 * Protests against the Stamp Act**

Colonists feeling their way on exactly how to protest British decisions that affected them.

a) **James Otis:**

[I can't find a good, short video about James Otis.]

How to combat certain acts of Parliament without questioning Parliament's authority over the colonies. He concluded that colonists had to obey British laws. Many Americans, therefore, reluctantly prepared to obey the Stamp Act.

b) **Patrick Henry**

[Good video below about him debating the Townshend Duties.]

Not all the colonists were resigned to paying the Stamp tax. Patrick Henry did not agree with James Otis He proposed the "Virginia Stamp Act Resolves" These resolves protested Parliament's right to tax Americans without their consent.

Patrick Henry (Today in History, Library of Congress) http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/may29.html

Patrick Henry bio (CW) []

Patrick Henry College http://www.phc.edu/

c) Despite the uproar, most Americans wanted to remain loyal British subjects and were not yet arguing for independence.


 * Stamp Act Repeal** (March 1766)

New British Prime Minister, Lord Rockingham He repealed the Stamp Act **not because** he believed Parliament lacked the power to tax the colonies, **but because** he thought the law unwise and divisive.

Video: Repeal of Stamp Act https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UvxX2qGjKz8&sns=em

William Pitt's defense of the colonies (CW) (January 1766) Contributed to repeal of the Stamp Act []


 * Declaratory Act** (March 1766)

Linked to the repeal of the Stamp Act. Dangerous implications for the colonists.

Key issue: Asserted Parliament's ability to tax & legislate for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever."


 * THURSDAY, 8 FEBRUARY 2018**


 * Mood Music:**

Fife and Drum Music of the Revolutionary War http://youtu.be/yTDOoXd6EXs

American Revolutionary War Medley (Carmel Brass) http://youtu.be/f6S-nuWnXz0

Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bku99mj5kC0

http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/Friday+Songs
 * Friday songs on Thursday** (12 more weeks and we'll be through)


 * I. Prayer/Attendance**

What I hope to be for you, my dear students:

The Lord is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and rich in love, [Psalm 145:8 NIV]


 * II. Exam #1**

Grading Scale for each of our 4 exams:

A=(average of 67 points) 90% B=(average of 60 points) 80% C=(average of 52 points) 70% D=(average of 45 points) 60%

Semester Grade includes::

Minus points for excess absences

Plus points for participation and contribution to class sessions.

Extra credit: I will try to make several opportunities available.


 * III. In class today: new material**


 * FRENCH THREAT**


 * Albany Congress** (1754)

Albany Plan of Union (Historian of the State Department) []

Join or Die cartoon (Teaching History.org) []

Plan of union proposed by Benjamin Franklin (but not approved):
 * Supreme governor chosen by England
 * Supreme assembly represented by colonists.
 * Plan could possibly have averted Revolution.
 * Same plan later used with Canada and Australia.


 * New France**

New France http://www.ushistory.org/us/8a.asp

New France article with good links to Canadian Encyclopedia []

Virtual Museum of New France []


 * French and Indian War (Seven Years' War), 1754-1763**

The Seven Years War and the Great Awakening: Crash Course US History #5 End at 7:44 []

Video: Parody https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y2fjkNgQJTA&feature=youtu.be

Video: French and Indian War http://youtu.be/3j7gCQLkWOo

Who was on each side in the war? Really a French versus British war with Indian allies on both sides.

French began to encircle the British colonies.

French—from today's Canada—claimed the Great Lakes and Mississippi Valley.

French established New Orleans to anchor the southern end of the Mississippi River.

French claimed the Pittsburgh area (originally called Fort Duquesne by the French, Fort Pitt by the British).

Three rivers come together at Pittsburgh: Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio


 * Various battles in the French and Indian War**

Map http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/1483/1518969/DIVI084.jpg


 * George Washington's role in the war**

Video (4:49) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cwphq86i7rI&feature=youtu.be

Battle of Jumonville Glen

Battle of Fort Necessity [] http://www.nps.gov/fone/battle.htm

Scalping []

The worst July 4 that George Washington ever had and how it led to a new nation []

Video: George Washington, General Braddock, and the Battle of the Monongahela http://youtu.be/UW3IrEmGnbs

Braddock Campaign http://www.nps.gov/fone/braddock.htm


 * Battle of the Plains of Abraham/Battle of Quebec (1759)**

This crucial British victory won the war. http://www.britishbattles.com/battle-of-quebec.htm
 * British victory at Quebec on the Plains of Abraham was the turning point. It was a major battle in history.

Quebec Politics: France vs. Britain - The Plains of Abraham []

Both commanding generals were killed in the battle: Wolfe (British) and Montcalm (French)

Famous painting: The Death of Wolfe https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Death_of_General_Wolfe Video explanation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y0jPXX8uvAI&feature=youtu.be


 * Peace Treaty of Paris** (1763)

Great Map! http://www.rebelhistory.com/french-and-indian-war.html

France is entirely ousted from the North American continent France will want to get back at Britain for this defeat France will therefore be willing to help us win the American Revolution.

After the war, British colonists no longer feared a French threat. Indians could no longer play European powers against one another.


 * TUESDAY, 6 FEBRUARY 2018**


 * EXAM #1**

God bless you, my terrific students!


 * THURSDAY, 1 FEBRUARY 2018**


 * Mood Music**

Irish tavern music (11:37) http://youtu.be/SBATrLRWySg

17th c. English country dances []

http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/Friday+Songs
 * Friday songs on Thursday** (13 more weeks and we'll be through)


 * I. Prayer/Attendance**

What I hope to be for you, my dear students:

The Lord is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and rich in love, [Psalm 145:8 NIV]


 * II. Homework for Thursday, 8 February**

TBA


 * III. Exam #1 will be on Tuesday, 6 February**

Here is the link to the study guide. http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/HIST+151+Exam+1+S18

Please bring your Scantron (exam has 75 questions), your pencil, and your brain.


 * IV. In class today: reaction to homework**

Religion in 18th century America (Library of Congress) [Scroll down halfway and begin at "The Emergence of American Evangelicalism: The Great Awakening" []

Jonathan Edwards (God in America, PBS) []

George Whitefield (God in America, PBS) []


 * V. In class today: new material**


 * New Netherlands**

Netherlands a small country but a major trading power and enemy of England in Europe Dutch settled along the Hudson river in what is now New York.

New Netherland https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Netherland

The United States and the Netherlands []

Conquered by the English in 1664

Video: From New Amsterdam to New York Illustrated - @MrBettsClass []

Henry Hudson's explorations (1609). 400th anniversary in 2009

Video: Henry Hudson https://youtu.be/wuk21ciiZ6U

Henry Hudson (PBS) http://www.pbs.org/empireofthebay/profiles/hudson.html


 * Salem Witchcraft (1692)**

Video: What Caused The Salem Witch Trials? http://youtu.be/3MmV42tUjfs

Salem Witchcraft http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/July-August-08/On-this-Day--Five-Women-Hanged-in-Salem-for-Witchcraft.html

"A strong belief in the devil, factions among Salem Village fanatics and rivalry with nearby Salem Town, a recent small pox epidemic and the threat of attack by warring tribes created a fertile ground for fear and suspicion."

Spectral evidence

Spectral evidence refers to a witness testimony that the accused person's spirit or spectral shape appeared to him/her in a dream at the time the accused person's physical body was at another location. It was accepted in the courts during the Salem Witch Trials.

Province of New York
 * New York**

Charles II gave his younger brother, duke of York, a large land grant which include the Dutch–held New Netherlands.

Duke of York became King James II when his brother Charles II died.

New Netherlands was conquered in 1664 by the English; renamed New York.

New Jersey. Duke of York regranted much of his land grant to two friends.

Province of New Jersey

We won't do anything more with either New York or New Jersey


 * Back again to English history as it affects colonies**


 * English Civil War**

Video: English Civil War http://youtu.be/u3h_RyFEV0M

The Execution of Charles I He was the son of James I


 * Oliver Cromwell (English Commonwealth period)**

Oliver Cromwell http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/cromwell_01.shtml

Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) https://youtu.be/0KhWqImZuII


 * Charles II** (1660–1685)


 * Restoration** [of the monarchy]

Video: Restoration of English monarchy http://youtu.be/HFF5V6XlCKo


 * Key for America**:


 * Charles II** gave land grants (New York, Carolinas) of new colonies as rewards to men who supported him during his exile in France.

All were proprietorships: their owners held title to the soil and controlled the government.


 * Carolinas** (1663)

Colonial Carolina http://youtu.be/ip8Dh7K0dzs

A buffer between the other English colonies and the Spanish in Florida

Map of the Carolinas and Georgia []

Charles II paid back several of his supporters (those who stood by him in exile in France) with land grants.

Creating the Carolinas (US History.org) http://www.ushistory.org/us/5c.asp

Northern portion of the grant (North Carolina) grew similarly to and was linked with Virginia.

Area around Charleston became the nucleus of South Carolina.

Heavily influenced by settlers from Barbados

Their brand of slavery was harsher than in other parts of North America.

Rice and indigo (Eliza Pinckney) the main crops

South Carolina used skills slaves brought from Africa (rice growing) and the West Indies (indigo—blue dye). Both crops offset each other: different growing seasons; indigo grown on high ground, rice in low–lying swampy areas.


 * First Great Awakening**

Religion in 18th century America (Library of Congress) [Scroll down halfway and begin at "The Emergence of American Evangelicalism: The Great Awakening" []

Video: First Great Awakening (6:39) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-dk4-HBNWQ

Put with Great Awakening video Ezekiel 37:1-14 - The Valley of Dry Bones https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2037:1-14

Dry Bones (Delta Rhythm Boys) http://youtu.be/mVoPG9HtYF8

First Great Awakening: a reaction to the decline of religious intensity in the American colonies

Began in Massachusetts in 1730s; in all colonies by 1760s.


 * Jonathan Edwards**

Great Awakening began in Northampton, Massachusetts (1734–35) with Jonathan Edwards.

He noticed a remarkable number of conversions among the youth of his church to a message based on Calvinist principles, a recognition of their own depraved natures, and the need to surrender completely to God's will.

Jonathan Edwards (God in America, PBS) []

Jonathan Edwards http://www.christianitytoday.com/history/people/theologians/jonathan-edwards.html


 * George Whitefield**

The effects of such conversions remained isolated until 1739, when George Whitefield, an English Anglican clergyman, arrived in America. For fifteen months he toured the colonies. Preached to large audiences from Georgia to New England. His journey: new interconnection among the previously distinct colonies.

George Whitefield (God in America, PBS) []


 * Impact of the Great Awakening**:

Challenged deference, introduced egalitarianism to the colonies.

The Great Awakening divided churches over several issues:
 * Were pastors clearly born again?
 * How much education did pastors need?
 * Was itinerant evangelism allowable?

Denominations split into New Lights and Old Lights (Presbyterians) and Old Sides and New Sides (Congregationalists).


 * TUESDAY, 30 JANUARY 2018**


 * Mood Music**

Irish tavern music (11:37) http://youtu.be/SBATrLRWySg

17th c. English country dances []


 * I. Prayer/Attendance**

What I hope to be for you, my dear students:

The Lord is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and rich in love, [Psalm 145:8 NIV]


 * II. Homework for Thursday, 1 February**

Religion in 18th century America (Library of Congress) [Scroll down halfway and begin at "The Emergence of American Evangelicalism: The Great Awakening" []

Jonathan Edwards (God in America, PBS) []

George Whitefield (God in America, PBS) []


 * III. Exam #1 will be on Tuesday, 6 February**

Here is the link to the study guide. I will refine it a bit. http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/HIST+151+Exam+1+S18

Please bring your Scantron (exam has 75 questions), your pencil, and your brain.


 * IV. In class today: reaction to homework**

Religious Pluralism in the Middle Colonies (Divining America, National Humanities Center) []

William Penn (God in America) []

Salem Witchcraft []


 * V. In class today: new material**

Between 1620 and 1630, other options for settlement (besides Virginia and New England). English migrants settled on St. Kitts (1624) and Barbados (1627).

Great map illustrating the Great Migration during the1600s https://joannedi.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/greatmigrationmap1620-1640.jpg


 * b. Massachusetts Bay Colony**
 * (Notice the date: 1630)**

(Non Separatist) Puritans

Video: Puritan Faith (George Michael's "Faith" Parody) []

Video: Massachusetts Bay Colony ("TMNT Theme" Parody) []

The Puritans (God in America, PBS) [| http://www.pbs.org/godinamerica/people/puritans.html]

Video: Governor John Winthrop http://youtu.be/8psobkdtgUU

The Puritan Ideal: A City on Hill http://youtu.be/JhTby_SOWnE

Governor John Winthrop (God in America, PBS) [His interpreted surviving a bad accident with his horse as a divine signal] [| http://www.pbs.org/godinamerica/people/john-winthrop.html]

John Winthrop http://www.learner.org/amerpass/unit03/authors-9.html


 * Religious intolerance** in treatment of Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson:


 * Roger Williams**

Video: Roger Williams bio http://youtu.be/6nk1fuKTSdw

Roger Williams (God in America, PBS) []

Roger Williams Biography (National Park Service) Youth and Education [] Rejecting the Middle Way [] Founding Providence (Rhode Island) []


 * Anne Hutchinson**

Video: Anne Hutchinson bio http://youtu.be/yFl8ltR8m18

Anne Hutchinson (God in America, PBS) []

Anne Hutchinson (National Women's History Museum) https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/anne-hutchinson


 * John Calvin (Calvinists)**:

God alone decided who would be saved—predestination. Act as if you were one of the elect by strict morality and hard work Laymen governed church through elders and ministers (presbytery)

John Calvin biographical sketch (Calvin College) http://www.calvin.edu/about/john-calvin/

Born in France to a Catholic family..

John Calvin: famous for his work entitled "Institutes of the Christian Religion" (1536)

Video: John Calvin http://youtu.be/2ivVAcg5pyI

Calvin Bio http://www.christianitytoday.com/history/people/theologians/john-calvin.html


 * Covenant theology**

God covenanted with the Puritans and they with Him. People covenanted together to form a church.

Puritan church became known as Congregationalists


 * New England towns**

No headright system as in Virginia. Land distributed to groups, not individuals. Grants of land led to growth of communities not large personal estates.


 * New England families**

Numerous, large (5–7 healthy children), and long–lived. Even grandparents appeared. Parents exercised control over their adult children Allocation of land Need for children's labor to support them. Contrast with Chesapeake


 * MIDDLE COLONIES=New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware**

Crash Course US History: The Quakers, the Dutch, and the Ladies https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p47tZLJbdag

Map of Middle Colonies http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/1483/1518969/DIVI037.jpg

Religious Pluralism in the Middle Colonies (Divining America, National Humanities Center) []


 * Pennsylvania (1681)**

Charles II gave William Penn a proprietary land grant

Penn saw this land as a refuge for Quakers—a "holy experiment" Pennsylvania became known for its religious toleration. Religious diversity: Quakers, German Reformed, Lutherans, Mennonites Penn actively promoted his colony—to Germans (Deutsch) particularly Pennsylvania became grain producing area of colonial America

German speakers: Deutsch not Dutch

Video: Germans in colonial Pennsylvania (4:28) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lf5ejJp31A0

Keeping the Pennsylvania Dutch language alive - and thriving []

Holy Experiment Best Poor Man's country Walking Purchase

Video: Pennsylvania, the Quaker's Delight (Lion King Parody Song) []


 * William Penn**

William Penn []

William Penn (God in America) []


 * Quakers**

Society of Friends, founded in England by George Fox.

a. Quakers believed everyone could be saved—all were children of God and could experience his inner light. b. No need of a formal priesthood or liturgy. c. Women were allowed an important role in ministry. d. Refused to swear oaths on the Bible—it would imply they were not telling the truth on other occasions. e. Pacifists. Refused to perform militia service or pay taxes for self–defense. f. Related well to the Indians. Could history have developed differently if we had learned from Quakers?

America as a Religious Refuge (Part 2) (Library of Congress) Read the portions entitled "The Quakers" and "The Pennsylvania Germans" []


 * THURSDAY, 25 JANUARY 2018**


 * Mood Music**

Irish tavern music (11:37) http://youtu.be/SBATrLRWySg

17th c. English country dances []

http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/Friday+Songs
 * Friday songs on Thursday** (14 more weeks and we'll be through)


 * I. Prayer/Attendance**

What I hope to be for you, my dear students:

The Lord is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and rich in love, [Psalm 145:8 NIV]


 * II. Homework for**


 * a. Tuesday, 30 January**

Religious Pluralism in the Middle Colonies (Divining America, National Humanities Center) []

William Penn (God in America) []

Salem Witchcraft []


 * b. Thursday, 1 February**

Religion in 18th century America (Library of Congress) [Scroll down halfway and begin at "The Emergence of American Evangelicalism: The Great Awakening" []

Jonathan Edwards (God in America, PBS) []

George Whitefield (God in America, PBS) []


 * III. Exam #1 will be on Tuesday, 6 February**

Here is the link to the study guide. I will refine it a bit. http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/HIST+151+Exam+1+S18


 * IV. In class today: reaction to homework**

John Smith's Bold Endeavor http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/john-smith.html


 * V. In class today: new material**


 * Indentured servitude In Virginia**

Need for laborers. Tobacco cultivation required many laborers. English began with indentured servants (7 years) from England. Slaves cost three times as much for initial outlay. Life was hard on servants; not much easier for owners Diet of pork and corn Not much material wealth (not like today's Williamsburg) Servant might not live through his indenture If he lived through it, he could become a landowner himself.

Richard Frethorne (History Matters) http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6475

Indentured Servants (US History.org) http://www.ushistory.org/us/5b.asp

Jamestown indenture contract []


 * Virginia families.**

Predominance of males, servitude, high mortality rates caused

Fewer, smaller (1–3 healthy children), and shorter–lived families.

Most children had step–parents: death of parent and remarriage.

Rich families began by 1700 to control the colony They were intermarried, wealthy, powerful The same people were Burgesses, militia, church vestry, county court


 * King Charles I (1625-1649)**

He was the son of James I His own sons were Charles II and James II [we will meet up with them later in our semester]

Intolerant of Puritans Believed in divine right of kings Puritan dissenters decided to flee from England to Massachusetts Bay colony (1630)

Personality and Political Style of Charles I (BBC) []


 * Maryland (1632).**

Video: Catholic Maryland http://youtu.be/RsxrJ0f91aU

Proprietorship. A personal possession. Land grant from King Charles I to Calvert family (Lord Baltimore).

Catholic. Maryland a sanctuary for Catholics Catholics severely persecuted in England.

Maryland similar to Virginia: Rivers Tobacco Plantations Indentured servitude and slavery. Chesapeake (Bay). Term includes Virginia and Maryland, mostly.

Maryland: The Catholic Experiment (US History.org) []


 * NEW ENGLAND**

Map of New England colonies []

[|http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pv-_JxApHzo&feature=youtube_gdata_player]
 * Video**: Mayflower Story: Desperate Crossing [part 1 of 3 parts] (12 minutes)


 * a. Plymouth Colony (Notice the date: 1620)**

Separatist Puritans Called "Pilgrims" Wanted to leave the Church of England entirely.

Video: Mayflower http://youtu.be/w59TkoL-tZY

Video: Mayflower Compact http://youtu.be/Tqhc0kqR_h8

Video: The Pilgrims (Selena Gomez's "Bad Liar" Parody) http://youtu.be/6AOAXiuWOKI

God in America: Pilgrims []

Faith of the Pilgrims http://www.plimoth.org/what-see-do/17th-century-english-village/faith-pilgrims

Video: Governor William Bradford http://youtu.be/4LnUhFKr9YU

William Bradford http://www.learner.org/amerpass/unit03/authors-1.html

Pokanoket Indians (compare to Powhatans) help Pilgrims. Squanto (compare him to Malinche) helps Pilgrims. []


 * TUESDAY, 23 JANUARY 2018**


 * Mood Music**

Irish tavern music (11:37) http://youtu.be/SBATrLRWySg

17th c. English country dances []


 * I. Prayer/Attendance**


 * II. Homework for Thursday, 25 January**

John Smith's Bold Endeavor http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/john-smith.html


 * III. In class today: reaction to homework**

Ancient map gives clue to fate of 'Lost Colony' (Telegraph) http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/9244947/Ancient-map-gives-clue-to-fate-of-Lost-Colony.html

This Drone Could Find the Lost Colony of Roanoke http://www.thedailybeast.com/this-drone-could-find-the-lost-colony-of-roanoke

John Smith's account of the trip to Virginia (Library of Congress) [Close reading example] []

Route of the voyage related to this account: []

Reverend Robert Hunt (National Park Service, Jamestown) []


 * IV. Exam #1 will be two weeks from today.**

I will have a study guide by Thursday ready for your use.


 * V. In class today: new material**


 * Native Americans**

Map:Routes of the first Americans []

Native Americans originally came to America from Asia Land bridge from Siberia across the Bering Straits.

Early cultures: fishing, hunting, and gathering for mere subsistence.

Native pre-contact housing http://hanksville.net/maps/houses/housingmap.html

Settled agriculture (corn, beans, squash) more sophisticated civilizations.

Indian tribes adapted to different geographic settings.

Map: Location of Major Groups of First Americans []

Five million Indians in North America at time of European arrival.

Over two hundred language groups.

Indians not organized into tribes but into hundreds of bands

Seldom did a "chief" hold significant power.

Bands quarreled with each other

Used Europeans to help them fight their enemies

Early North American civilizations:

Mound Builders (Ohio river region) Anasazi (Arizona and New Mexico) Mississippians (Midwest and Southeast U.S.). Cahokia.


 * Use of the term "Indian**

"American Indian" or "Native American"? []

Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian []
 * Important museum:**


 * Roanoke Island (in present-day North Carolina) (1585-1590)**

Attempted base from which to harass Spanish treasure fleets. Resupply voyage stopped because of Spanish Armada

Spanish Armada prevented resupply to Roanoke Colony

Roanoke Island (Frozen's "Let It Go" Parody) []


 * John White at Roanoke Island**

John White watercolors of native inhabitants at Roanoke Island Index of his watercolors []

Early Visual Representations of the New World (NHC lesson plan) []

Indian village of Pomeiooc Image [] Description [|http://www.virtualjamestown.org/images/white_debry_html/white.html#s34]

Indian woman and young girl Image [] Description [|http://www.virtualjamestown.org/images/white_debry_html/white.html#s35]


 * Readings about Roanoke Island**

Ancient map gives clue to fate of 'Lost Colony' (Telegraph) http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/9244947/Ancient-map-gives-clue-to-fate-of-Lost-Colony.html

The Roanoke Island Colony: Lost, and Found? []

This Drone Could Find the Lost Colony of Roanoke http://www.thedailybeast.com/this-drone-could-find-the-lost-colony-of-roanoke

James I (British Monarchy) http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/james_i_vi.shtml
 * King James I (1603-1625)**

New royal family: **House of Stuart**

During his reign, the Pilgrims fled to Netherlands and then from there to Plymouth colony

Jamestown (1607) named for him

In 2011 we celebrated the 400th anniversary of the King James Bible. Folger Shakespeare Library celebrates 400th anniversary of King James Bible (Washington Post) []


 * English colonies in America**

Video: Objective 1.1: American Colonialism []

Differed on many dimensions:

a. Type of colony (originally v. later—movement to make colonies royal)

Charter Royal (monarch, crown) Proprietorship

b. Religion: Puritan, Anglican, Catholic, Quaker, and others

c. Methods of land distribution

d. Relations with the Indians

e. Types of servitude

f. Major crops and exports

g. Date founded: the place they left and the America they came to both differed.


 * VIRGINIA**


 * Jamestown (1607).**

First permanent English settlement in America Roanoke Island was the first settlement but was not permanent

Video: Jamestown Colony ("Shut Up and Dance" parody) (Mr. Betts) []

Failed European Colonies in the New World (Jesuits at Jamestown) (NHC lesson plan) []

Successful Colonies in the New World (NHC lesson plan) []

[]
 * Map** of the Chesapeake colonies (Virginia and Maryland)


 * Virginia Company of London**

Joint–stock company. Limited liability of investors Not financed by government.

The Virginia Company of London []


 * John Smith**

John Smith's Bold Endeavor (NOVA) []

John Smith's account of the trip to Virginia (Library of Congress) []

Route of the voyage related to this account: []

Captain John Smith (CW magazine) []

Captain Smith departs (CW Magazine) []


 * Powhatan Indians and Pocahontas**

Pocahontas "Colors of the Wind" http://youtu.be/pk33dTVHreQ

Pocahontas: What They Don't Tell You (Mr, Betts) https://youtu.be/pCwbsZ-tY6Y

Lost City of Powhatan (Smithsonian) http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/lost-city-of-powhatan-149908455/

The Powhatan Indian World (National Park Service) [Read half of the screen; stop at the paragraph beginning with "While in England, Pocahontas ...] https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/copy-of-the-powhatan-indian-world.htm


 * Indian and English cultural differences.**

a. Land ownership: English wanted private property; Indian land owned communally.

b. Gender division of work: Indian women worked the fields. English women did not. Indian men hunted. English saw hunting as an upper-class leisure activity.

c. Leadership: Nature of hierarchy differed English looked for "chiefs" Indian leaders' authority rested on consensus.


 * Tobacco:**

Basis of Virginia's success. John Rolfe the main name (he married Pocahontas) Key cash crop Required much land Required continuous labor

The History of 18th Century Tobacco Plantations in Coastal Virginia http://youtu.be/43lWR9Pd0-c

John Rolfe (National Park Service, Jamestown) []


 * Headrights**

Land grants to individuals Settlers could claim 50 acres of land for themselves 50 acres for those whom they paid passage (including servants). Enabled some to build a large estate of landed wealth.

Headrights http://www.ancestry.com/wiki/index.php?title=Virginia_Land_Records


 * House of Burgesses (1619).**

Virginia began the tradition of local representative government. New Spain, New France, and New Netherlands had autocratic rule.

First Legislative Assembly in America (National Park Service, Jamestown) []


 * Royal colony.**

In 1624, Virginia becomes a royal colony, ruled by the king through appointed officials.


 * Anglican Church.**

Church of England (Episcopalians today). Not Puritans.

Religion in Early Virginia http://www.history.org/Almanack/life/religion/religionva.cfm

Reverend Robert Hunt (National Park Service, Jamestown) []


 * THURSDAY, 18 JANUARY 2018**


 * Mood Music** of the time period we are studying

Anasazi flute Amerindienne - Native American Magic Flute music - 1 hour []

Irish tavern music (11:37) http://youtu.be/SBATrLRWySg

17th c. English country dances []

http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/Friday+Songs
 * Friday songs on Thursday** (15 more weeks and we'll be through)


 * I. Prayer/Attendance**


 * II.** **FYI (For Your Information)**

You’re Sorry for Someone’s Loss. But How Do You Say It? []

JoJo White Conditioning https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/16/obituaries/jo-jo-white-dead-boston-celtics.html?_r=0


 * III. Homework for Tuesday, 23 January**

Ancient map gives clue to fate of 'Lost Colony' (Telegraph) http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/9244947/Ancient-map-gives-clue-to-fate-of-Lost-Colony.html

This Drone Could Find the Lost Colony of Roanoke http://www.thedailybeast.com/this-drone-could-find-the-lost-colony-of-roanoke

John Smith's account of the trip to Virginia (Library of Congress) [Close reading example] []

Route of the voyage related to this account: []

Reverend Robert Hunt (National Park Service, Jamestown) []


 * IV. In class today: reaction to homework**

Martin Luther nails 95 theses to chapel door []

Martin Luther: Father of protest songs []

Music Video: A Mighty Fortress is our God []

Francis Drake goes round the world []


 * V. In class today; new material**


 * Martin Luther**

Martin Luther http://youtu.be/j89_BAh2Q3M

People saved by faith alone (Not by pilgrimages, indulgences) Priesthood of all believers replaced monasticism as the ideal Neither priests nor Latin Bible should keep people from the Word

Martin Luther (On This Day, Finding Dulcinea) []

Martin Luther: Father of protest songs? []

A Mighty Fortress is our God [] Lyrics https://www.hymnal.net/en/hymn/h/886

(Lutherans): Protestant Reformation (1517)

In 2017 we celebrate the 500th anniversary of the Protestant Reformation.


 * Protestant Reformation in England (1533)**


 * English King Henry VIII** [House of **Tudor**]

Video: Henry VIII http://youtu.be/vGi2TYAQfXE

Henry VIII broke with Rome in 1533. Under Henry, Protestantism hardly differed from Catholicism.

Biographical sketch of Henry VIII (British Monarchy website) []

An Overview of the English Reformation (BBC) []


 * Edward VI**

Son of Henry VIII was Protestant, but died as a teenager.


 * Mary I**

Queen Mary I "Bloody Mary" (1516-1558) https://youtu.be/LZNt7wdIRMo

One daughter of Henry VIII, Mary I ("Bloody" Mary), was Catholic.

Mary burned many Protestants at the stake. Other Protestants fled to safety of Frankfurt and Geneva There they absorbed radical Calvinist doctrines. They returned to England after the death of Mary. Eager to "purify" English church of any hint of Catholicism.


 * Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603)**

Queen Elizabeth I http://youtu.be/cDg9AoJYxeY

Elizabeth I (British Monarchy) [Current Queen is Elizabeth II] []

Other daughter of Henry VIII, Elizabeth I, was Protestant:

Church settlement. Church of England became clearly Protestant, but in its own way. Latin liturgy translated into the English Book of Common Prayer. Cult of saints dropped. Clergy permitted to marry. Calvinists, however, did not think these reforms went far enough. Puritans versus Separatists

Elizabethan Room Virtual Tour (BBC) []


 * English Exploration**

England would not be bound by the Treaty of Tordesillas. But tried to explore initially in areas not claimed by Spanish or Portuguese.


 * John Cabot (1497)**

Voyages - Segment 3 of 3 - "Northwest Discoveries" John Cabot, Verranzano, Cartier, Hudson []

John Cabot http://youtu.be/pJOvmicAGjw

Article about the Northwest Passage these days https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/23/climate/ships-in-the-arctic.html?mcubz=1

John Cabot (Royal Museums, Greenwich) []

The Voyages of John Cabot (American Journeys) Talk about how useful to history students this American Journeys website is. []


 * Francis Drake (1577)**

Francis Drake goes round the world []

Account of Sir Francis Drake's landing in California (National Humanities Center) []

Drake claims California for England (History.com This Day in History | 6/17/1579) []

Drake's Plate -- the end of the mystery? http://www2.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/NSD-Drakes-plate.html


 * Spanish Armada (1588)**

Video: Spanish armada http://youtu.be/h_crzvi980U

Routes of the Armada https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Routes_of_the_Spanish_Armada.gif/220px-Routes_of_the_Spanish_Armada.gif

Rivalry between Spain and England Spain was hard–core Catholic Spain hated Protestant England. Spanish naval Armada (fleet) attempted to invade England A major battle in world history. English defeated the Spanish.

Spanish Armada prevented resupply to the Lost Colony.

The Spanish Armada (BBC) []


 * Before we discuss Roanoke Island, let's look at who was living in North America**


 * Native Americans**

Map:Routes of the first Americans []

Native Americans originally came to America from Asia Land bridge from Siberia across the Bering Straits.

Early cultures: fishing, hunting, and gathering for mere subsistence.

Native pre-contact housing http://hanksville.net/maps/houses/housingmap.html

Settled agriculture (corn, beans, squash) more sophisticated civilizations.

Indian tribes adapted to different geographic settings.

Map: Location of Major Groups of First Americans []

Five million Indians in North America at time of European arrival.

Over two hundred language groups.

Indians not organized into tribes but into hundreds of bands

Seldom did a "chief" hold significant power.

Bands quarreled with each other

Used Europeans to help them fight their enemies

Early North American civilizations:

Mound Builders (Ohio river region) Anasazi (Arizona and New Mexico) Mississippians (Midwest and Southeast U.S.). Cahokia.


 * Use of the term "Indian**

"American Indian" or "Native American"? []

Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian []
 * Important museum:**


 * Ok, now let's get into the first attempted English settlement in America **


 * Roanoke Island (in present-day North Carolina) (1585-1590)**

Attempted base from which to harass Spanish treasure fleets.

Spanish Armada prevented resupply to Roanoke Colony

Roanoke Island (Frozen's "Let It Go" Parody) (Mr.Betts) []


 * John White at Roanoke Island**

John White watercolors of native inhabitants at Roanoke Island Index of his watercolors []

Early Visual Representations of the New World (NHC lesson plan) []

Indian woman and young girl Image [] Description [|http://www.virtualjamestown.org/images/white_debry_html/white.html#s35]

James I (British Monarchy) http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/james_i_vi.shtml
 * King James I (1603-1625)**

New royal family: **House of Stuart**

During his reign, the Pilgrims fled to Netherlands and then from there to Plymouth colony

Jamestown (1607) named for him

In 2011 we celebrated the 400th anniversary of the King James Bible. Folger Shakespeare Library celebrates 400th anniversary of King James Bible (Washington Post) []


 * TUESDAY, 16 JANUARY 2018**


 * Mood Music of the time period we are studying:**

Early 16th Century Venetian Lute Music, Paul O'Dette []

Anasazi flute Amerindienne - Native American Magic Flute music - 1 hour []


 * I. Prayer**

My cataract operation on Wednesday went well. On Thursday morning, the doctor took off the patch.


 * II. Attendance**

Let's make sure I have a card for everyone who is registered.


 * III. Homework for Thursday, 18 January 2018**

Martin Luther nails 95 theses to chapel door []

Martin Luther: Father of protest songs []

Music Video: A Mighty Fortress is our God []

Francis Drake goes round the world []


 * IV. In class today: review of the homework assignment**

I have debated whether a) to push forward with new material (by assuming you watched each video carefully and read/understood the articles or b) to go a bit slower and review the material in class today. I think it may be best for me to do the latter.

So sit back, put on your thinking caps, and begin with me our semester journey together.


 * Historical Analysis:** sourcing, contextualization, corroboration

How historians try to sort through the past (is it ever "fake news"?)

Think of how historians might look at the new bombshell book about President Trump;

Read this article from a British news source to get the context: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jan/07/michael-wolff-trump-book-fire-fury-reaction


 * Voyages of Exploration**

Overview map of voyages of exploration


 * Background to European explorations:**

Luxury goods in Asia: silk, dyes, perfumes, jewels, and gold.

Spices in Asia: pepper, cloves, cinnamon, and nutmeg. Spice Islands [Moluccas in today's Indonesia] (Royal Museums, Greenwich)

The Spice Islands | Explore Royal Museums Greenwich []

Earlier role of Italy as middlemen in European overland trade with China.

Marco Polo's Travels (1275) to China. Published in 1477. Marco Polo traveled overland. []


 * Constantinople** (1453). Fell to the Muslim Turks.

Map: Constantinople []

Muslims then controlled overland trade routes from Catholic Europe to Asia.

Europeans sought all–water trade route to Asia to outflank Muslims.


 * Voyages of Exploration:**

Video: Voyages of exploration>>Up to Portugal []

Video: Crash Course World History [|Columbus, de Gama, and Zheng He! 15th Century Mariners. Crash Course: World History #21 - YouTube]


 * A. Explorations of Portugal**

Will try to reach Asia by sailing east. The other European countries will try to reach Asia by sailing west America gets in their way and becomes the heart of our story. Portugal began explorations first: Portuguese sailed around Africa to reach Asia

Map: Early Explorations 1400s http://irishpower.wikispaces.com/file/view/wh18_portuguese.jpg/283509456/400x290/wh18_portuguese.jpg

Portugal: **Prince Henry the Navigator** []

[]
 * Bartolomeu Dias**: Cape of Good Hope (1488)

[]
 * Vasco da Gama**: India (1498)

Video: Vasco Da Gama []


 * B. Explorations of Spain:**


 * Christopher Columbus**: (12 October 1492)

Sailed west to reach Asia. Landed in Bahamas on first voyage. Four voyages in all Believed he reached East Indies—called the natives "Indians." Never realized he discovered a whole new world.

Video: Voyage of exploration>>Christopher Columbus []

Columbus & the New World (Jay-Z's "Empire State of Mind Parody) []

Same time as Columbus left Spain, Jews Banished from Spain []

Voyage of Christopher Columbus []


 * Amerigo Vespucci**

America named for him Watch this bio video:

[]


 * Treaty of Tordesillas** (1494)

Pope divided land claims between Portugal and Spain Portugal got Africa and Brazil Spain got remainder of New World

Treaty of Tordesillas []


 * Columbian Exchange**

The Columbian Exchange (wonderful diagram of the exchange) []

Alfred Crosby on the Columbian Exchange (Smithsonian) []

Mr. Betts' Kitchen - Ceviche and the Columbian Exchange []

Crash Course: Columbian Exchange video []


 * Hernán Cortés** (1519–1521)

Video: Hernán Cortés []

Conqueror of Aztec empire in Mexico

Malinche. Translator and mistress to Cortes Sold by her Aztec mother as a slave to Mayans (where Cortes landed) Caught between several worlds Is she a hero or a traitor to Mexicans?


 * Ferdinand Magellan** (1519–1522).

Sailed around the globe.

Video: Ferdinand Magellan []

Ferdinand Magellan (Royal Museums, Greenwich) []

Ferdinand Magellan (On This Day, Finding Dulcinea) []

Video: Ferdinand Magellan (Mariner's Museum) []


 * Hernando de Soto** (1539–42).

Traveled though the Southeastern United States

Hernando de Soto Map

http://memory.loc.gov/intldl/eshtml/images/florida_map.jpg

De Soto reaches the Mississippi (History.com This Day in History | 5/8/1541) []


 * Francisco Vázquez de Coronado** (1540–1542).

Traveled through the Southwestern United States

Francisco Vázquez de Coronado (PBS, The West) []

Map of Coronado's travels (PBS,The West) []


 * English voyages of exploration**


 * Roanoke Island intro**

Roanoke Island (Frozen's "Let It Go" Parody) []


 * THURSDAY, 11 JANUARY 2018**


 * REMEMBER:** **NO CLASS TODAY**. I had my cataract operation yesterday.

Work on the "HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT FOR NEXT TUESDAY, 16 JANUARY 2018."

Just read the articles and watch the videos. There is nothing you need to turn in.

Take care.


 * TUESDAY, 9 JANUARY 2018**

I'm Dave Lambert. This is HIST 151: US History to 1877.

I hope you had a terrific break.

We are going to have fun together this semester--while learning a whole lot in the process.


 * Sorry, no crashing**

I won't be able to add anyone who is not already registered.


 * Mood music** of the time period we are studying:

Early 16th Century Venetian Lute Music, Paul O'Dette []


 * TODAY'S SCHEDULE**.


 * 1. Prayer**

I will pray for us every class and ask if you have a prayer request or a praise you feel comfortable offering publicly.

My church: Grace Church (Baptist) in Glendora (the Spanish-language ministry)

My wife's church: St. Dorothy's Catholic Church in Glendora

http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/Thorn+in+the+Flesh
 * 2. Thorn in the Flesh**

Integrating my faith into our class is natural for me. So I want to start off the semester doing so.

http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/Info+Card
 * 3. Info card (We will fill this out during our first class session)**

http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/HIST+151+Syllabus+TR+S18
 * 4. Syllabus**

Here are some highlights:


 * NO CLASS ON THURSDAY.** I have a cataract operation tomorrow.

a. You need to bring your laptop to every class session.

b. No hard-copy text is required. We will use all online sources and websites.

An online textbook may be of help to you. I have indexed it on this link:: http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/U.S.+History.org

c. Grade is based on 4 multiple-choice exams and participation.

d. Attendance is required. Any absences over two will mean a deduction to the grade.

http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/home
 * 5. Learning Professor wiki**

Here is how it is organized and what is available on it.

http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/HIST+151+Today+TR+S18
 * 6. Our Class Page (Put this on your Quick Links)**

Always turn to this page for our daily schedule [This outline is on that page.]

http://thelearningprofessor.wikispaces.com/High+Fives
 * 7. High Fives (why I like to do it as you leave class each day)**


 * 8. How historians try to sort through the past (is it ever "fake news"?)**


 * Historical Analysis:** sourcing, contextualization, corroboration

Think of how historians might look at the new bombshell book about President Trump; Read this article from a British news source to get the context: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jan/07/michael-wolff-trump-book-fire-fury-reaction

1.Who wrote the source? 2.When was it written? 3.Where was it written? 4.Is the author in a position to know first-hand, or is the account based on hearsay? 5.Can the source be believed? Is the author trustworthy. What will he stand to gain or lose?
 * a. Sourcing**

1. What else was happening at the time this was written? (The burning issues of the day). 2. What was different back then? What was the same? 3. What would it look like through the eyes of someone who lived back then?
 * b. Contextualization**

1. What are the real facts? 2. Comparing different accounts 3. What is common to the various accounts? 4. When do they disagree? 5. What might explain these discrepancies? 6. How might the accounts be reconciled?
 * c. Corroboration**


 * HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT FOR NEXT TUESDAY, 16 JANUARY 2017**

Please work through this material, reading the articles and watching the videos.


 * Voyages of Exploration**

Overview map of voyages of exploration


 * Background to European explorations:**

Luxury goods in Asia: silk, dyes, perfumes, jewels, and gold.

Spices in Asia: pepper, cloves, cinnamon, and nutmeg. Spice Islands [Moluccas in today's Indonesia] (Royal Museums, Greenwich)

The Spice Islands | Explore Royal Museums Greenwich []

Earlier role of Italy as middlemen in European overland trade with China.

Marco Polo's Travels (1275) to China. Published in 1477. Marco Polo traveled overland. []


 * Constantinople** (1453). Fell to the Muslim Turks.

Map: Constantinople []

Muslims then controlled overland trade routes from Catholic Europe to Asia.

Europeans sought all–water trade route to Asia to outflank Muslims.


 * Voyages of Exploration:**

Video: Voyages of exploration>>Up to Portugal []

Video: Crash Course World History [|Columbus, de Gama, and Zheng He! 15th Century Mariners. Crash Course: World History #21 - YouTube]


 * A. Explorations of Portugal**

Will try to reach Asia by sailing east. The other European countries will try to reach Asia by sailing west America gets in their way and becomes the heart of our story. Portugal began explorations first: Portuguese sailed around Africa to reach Asia

Early Explorations 1400s

Portugal: **Prince Henry the Navigator** []

[]
 * Bartolomeu Dias**: Cape of Good Hope (1488)

[]
 * Vasco da Gama**: India (1498)

Video: Vasco Da Gama []


 * B. Explorations of Spain:**


 * Christopher Columbus**: (12 October 1492)

Sailed west to reach Asia. Landed in Bahamas on first voyage. Four voyages in all Believed he reached East Indies—called the natives "Indians." Never realized he discovered a whole new world.

Video: Voyage of exploration>>Christopher Columbus []

Columbus & the New World (Jay-Z's "Empire State of Mind Parody) []

Same time as Columbus left Spain, Jews Banished from Spain []

Voyage of Christopher Columbus []


 * Amerigo Vespucci**

America named for him Watch this bio video:

[]


 * Treaty of Tordesillas** (1494)

Pope divided land claims between Portugal and Spain Portugal got Africa and Brazil Spain got remainder of New World

Treaty of Tordesillas []


 * Columbian Exchange**

The Columbian Exchange (wonderful diagram of the exchange) []

Alfred Crosby on the Columbian Exchange (Smithsonian) []

Mr. Betts' Kitchen - Ceviche and the Columbian Exchange []

Crash Course: Columbian Exchange video []


 * Hernán Cortés** (1519–1521)

Video: Hernán Cortés []

Conqueror of Aztec empire in Mexico

Malinche. Translator and mistress to Cortes Sold by her Aztec mother as a slave to Mayans (where Cortes landed) Caught between several worlds Is she a hero or a traitor to Mexicans?


 * Ferdinand Magellan** (1519–1522).

Sailed around the globe.

Video: Ferdinand Magellan []

Ferdinand Magellan (Royal Museums, Greenwich) []

Ferdinand Magellan (On This Day, Finding Dulcinea) []

Video: Ferdinand Magellan (Mariner's Museum) []


 * Hernando de Soto** (1539–42).

Traveled though the Southeastern United States

Hernando de Soto Map

http://memory.loc.gov/intldl/eshtml/images/florida_map.jpg

De Soto reaches the Mississippi (History.com This Day in History | 5/8/1541) []


 * Francisco Vázquez de Coronado** (1540–1542).

Traveled through the Southwestern United States

Francisco Vázquez de Coronado (PBS, The West) []

Map of Coronado's travels (PBS,The West) []


 * English voyages of exploration**


 * Roanoke Island intro**

Roanoke Island (Frozen's "Let It Go" Parody) []