Spanish-American+War


 * Spanish-American War (1898)**

IV. Homework for next week:

a. Tuesday, 20 March

A Splendid Little War (Small Planet) http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/splendid.html

The Rough Riders Storm San Juan Hill, 1898 []

Spanish-American war—essay by David Trask []

Cuba 1898 []

b. Thursday, 22 March

A Gift from the Gods (Small Planet) http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/gift.html

"Aguinaldo's Case Against the United States. http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/gilded/empire/text9/filipino.pdf

"The White Man's Burden": Kipling's Hymn to U.S. Imperialism []

Crucible of Empire website []

Video: Crucible of Empire: The Spanish American War http://youtu.be/8g8NpQsmxj4

Go to Site Map to get Timeline entries http://www.pbs.org/crucible/frames/_timeline.html


 * Motives for war**:

[Underlying versus immediate] [How does this compare to today?]

U.S. had sizable economic interests in Cuba and a lobbying group of 100,000 Cubans who lived in the U.S.

1. Humanitarians. Believed Spain too cruel in fighting rebels.

2. Hawks (jingoes). Believed America should chastise Spain

3. "Yellow journalism." Circulation war: Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst. [] []

[]

Yellow Journalism http://www.smplanet.com/teaching/imperialism/#SAW1-1

Walk With Me #2: Yellow Journalism (Mr Betts Class) http://youtu.be/xDG0AQaojZo

Yellow Journalism: http://www.pbs.org/crucible/frames/_journalism.html

a. Read the material on this introductory page. [Same URL for the four sections] b. Read the biographies of William Randolph Hearst and Richard Harding Davis c. Click on Headline Gallery and read the items there. d. Click on Cartoon Gallery and view the items there.

Yellow Journalism (Historian of the State Department) https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/yellow-journalism

Remember Yellow Journalism [written in 1998 on 100th anniversary of the war] []

Bio: William Randolph Hearst http://www.pbs.org/crucible/bio_hearst.html

bio: Richard Harding Davis http://www.pbs.org/crucible/bio_davis.html

[**note to me**: use Yellow Journalism Headline Gallery and Cartoon Gallery in class next Tuesday Headline Gallery http://www.pbs.org/crucible/headlines.html Cartoon Gallery http://www.pbs.org/crucible/cartoons.html]

4. De Lome letter—Spanish Ambassador to U.S. criticized McKinley []

5. Sinking of the U.S. battleship Maine. http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/remember.html

Blown up in Havana harbor. Probably an internal explosion. []

Better Late Than Never: Rickover Clears Spain of the Maine Explosion []

Battleship Maine (Today in History, Library of Congress) http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/feb15.html

"Shameful Treachery": Hearst's Journal Blames Spain []

Letter from the Captain of the //USS Maine// (National Archives) http://www.archives.gov/historical-docs/todays-doc/index.html?dod-date=215#2011

US nurses in Spanish-American War Band of Angels | National Archives []

Sailors, Soldiers, and Marines in the Spanish-American War (National Archives magazine) http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1998/spring/spanish-american-war-1.html http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1998/spring/spanish-american-war-2.html


 * Timeline**

1. 1868-1878: Ten Years' War in Cuba http://www.pbs.org/crucible/tl1.html 2. 1895: Cuban War for Independence http://www.pbs.org/crucible/tl3.html 3. February, 1896: Reconcentration Policy http://www.pbs.org/crucible/tl4.html 4. March 4, 1897: President McKinley Inaugurated http://www.pbs.org/crucible/tl6.html 5. April 16, 1897: T. Roosevelt Appointed Assistant Secretary of the Navy http://www.pbs.org/crucible/tl7.html 6. December, 1897: McKinley Asks Congress for Aid to Cuba http://www.pbs.org/crucible/tl8.html 7. February 9, 1898: Dupuy de Lôme Letter Scandal http://www.pbs.org/crucible/tl9.html 8. February 16 1898: Battleship U.S.S. Maine Explodes http://www.pbs.org/crucible/tl10.html 9. March 17, 1898: Senator Proctor Exposes Spain's Brutality in Cuba http://www.pbs.org/crucible/tl11.html 10. April 25, 1898: Congress Declares War http://www.pbs.org/crucible/tl12.html 11. May 1, 1898: Commodore Dewey's Victory in the Philippines http://www.pbs.org/crucible/tl13.html 12. May 15, 1898: Theodore Roosevelt resigns as Assistant Secretary of the Navy http://www.pbs.org/crucible/tl14.html 13. June 22, 1898: U.S. troops land in Cuba http://www.pbs.org/crucible/tl15.html 14. July 1, 1898: Victory in San Juan Heights http://www.pbs.org/crucible/tl16.html 15. January 1899: Senate Debate over Ratification of the Treaty of Paris http://www.pbs.org/crucible/tl17.html 16. February 6, 1899: Treaty of Paris ratified http://www.pbs.org/crucible/tl18.html 17. March 4, 1901: McKinley inaugurated for 2nd term; Roosevelt becomes Vice-President September, 1901: President McKinley assassinated http://www.pbs.org/crucible/tl20.html

[**note to me**: I used the Site Map to get Timeline]


 * The War Itself**

Teller Amendment. U.S. had no intention of taking possession of Cuba.

U.S. Declares War on Spain (1898) (Today in History, Library of Congress) http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/today.html

1. Short and glorious—"a splendid little war."

A Splendid Little War (Small Planet) http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/splendid.html

2. Major battles:

Excellent map: http://spanishamericanwar.info/Cubamap3.gif

a. Manila. George Dewey defeated Spanish fleet in Manila. []

George Dewey (Today in History, Library of Congress) http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/dec26.html

b. San Juan Hill. Theodore Roosevelt and his Rough Riders. []

The Rough Riders Storm San Juan Hill, 1898 []

3. U.S. defeated Spain.

4. Beginning of a U.S. empire.


 * Treaty of Paris** (1898)

1. Guam: to the U.S.

2. Puerto Rico: to the U.S.

Puerto Rico invaded (History.com This Day in History |7/25/1898) []

3. Cuba: granted independence by Spain

4. Platt Amendment permited U.S. intervention in Cuba's internal affairs

5. Philippines: U.S. paid $20 million to Spain.

See also:

Spanish-American War Ends (On This Day, Finding Dulcinea) http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/Aug/Spanish-American-War-Ends.html

The proposed treaty sparked an important debate: []
 * Philippines**:

1. Those in favor of acquiring Philippines: imperialist case. Advocated an empire.

Advocates of empire appealed to motives of Patriotism Commerce
 * Manifest destiny**

2. Those against acquiring Philippines: anti–imperialist case.

Many felt imperialism counter to U.S. principles. Other felt U.S. could expand markets without ruling other countries. Labor unions felt they would be undercut by importation of low–wage contract workers.

A Gift from the Gods (Small Planet) http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/gift.html

"Aguinaldo's Case Against the United States. http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/gilded/empire/text9/filipino.pdf

"The White Man's Burden": Kipling's Hymn to U.S. Imperialism []


 * Philippine–American war** (1898–1902)

Philippine-American War (Historian of the State Department) http://history.state.gov/milestones/1899-1913/War

1. Emiliano Aguinaldo's army had helped U.S. against the Spanish.

2. Aguinaldo expected to be president of an independent Philippines.

3. U.S. decided not to permit him to be President.

4. Aguinaldo led a guerrilla war against the occupying U.S. military.

5. War foreshadowed tactics and atrocities of Vietnam.

6. Aguinaldo finally captured. The revolt ended. []

b. Maps

Southeast Asia http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map_of_southeast_asia.htm

Philippines http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/philippines-political-map.htm

Philippine-American War (Historian of the State Department) https://history.state.gov/milestones/1899-1913/war

American soldiers in the Philippines write home about the war http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/58/

A Gift from the Gods (Small Planet) http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/gift.html

Q&A: 'Honor in the Dust' Author on U.S.-Philippine History (TIME) []